<p>The Lake of the Ozarks is a large reservoir created by impounding the Osage River in the northern part of the Ozarks in central Missouri. Extents of three smaller tributaries to the Osage are included in the impoundment: the Niangua River, Grandglaize Creek, and Gravois Creek. The lake has a surface area of 54,000 acre and 1,150 mi of shoreline, and the main channel of the Osage Arm stretches 92 mi from end to end. The total drainage area is over 14,000 square miles. The lake&#39;s serpentine shape has earned it the nickname "The Magic Dragon", which has in turn inspired the names of local institutions such as The Magic Dragon Street Meet.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A hydro-electric power plant on the Osage River was first pursued by Kansas City developer Ralph Street in 1912. He put together the initial funding and began building roads, railroads, and infrastructure necessary to begin construction of the dam, with a plan to impound a much smaller lake. In the mid-1920s, Street’s funding dried up, and he abandoned the effort.</p><br>
<p>The lake was created by the construction of the 2,543 ft long Bagnell Dam by the Union Electric Company of St. Louis, Missouri. The principal engineering firm was Stone and Webster. Construction began August 8, 1929, was completed in April 1931 and reached spillway elevation on May 20, 1931. During construction, the lake was referred to as Osage Reservoir or Lake Osage. The Missouri General Assembly officially named it Lake Benton after Senator Thomas Hart Benton. None of the names stuck, as it was popularly referred to by its location in the Ozarks. The electric generating station, however, is still referred to by the utility company as the "Osage Hydroelectric Plant."</p><br>
<p>At the time of construction, the Lake of the Ozarks was the largest man-made lake in the United States and one of the largest in the world. It was created to provide hydroelectric power for customers of Union Electric, but it quickly became a significant tourist destination for the Midwest. Most of its shoreline is privately owned, unlike many flood-control lakes in the region that were constructed by the USA Army Corps of Engineers. The relatively stable surface elevation has created ideal conditions for private development within a few feet of the shoreline. There are over 70,000 homes along the lake, many of which are vacation homes. Spectacular scenery characteristic of the Ozarks has also helped to transform the lake into a major resort area, and more than 5 million people visit annually.</p><br>
<p>In 2011, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) renewed the lease for the power plant operated by Ameren Missouri. In the process, FERC determined that numerous homes and structures were encroaching on utility land in violation of federal regulations. According to the Boston Globe, this issue "has triggered panic in the areas lakefront communities and led to a growing battle among regulators, a utility company, land attorneys, and the states congressional delegation."</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Lake of the Ozarks is located within the Ozark Mountains at 38&deg;12&prime;09&Prime;N latitude, 92&deg;37&prime;35&Prime;W longitude (38.2025326, -92.6262966) at an elevation of 568 ft. The lake extends across four Missouri counties, from Benton County in the west through Camden County and Morgan County to Miller County in the east.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is impounded at its northeastern end by Bagnell Dam, and the Osage River is both its primary inflow and outflow. the southeastern arm by Grandglaize Creek, and the northern arm by several streams including Gravois Creek, Indian Creek, and Little Gravois Creek. Many smaller tributaries also drain into the lake, creating numerous small coves and indentations in its shore. As a result, the lake has approximately 1,150 mi of shoreline.</p><br>
<p>USA Route 54 runs east-west across the reservoirs southwestern arm and then generally northeast-southwest along its eastern shoreline, crossing the southeastern arm at Osage Beach. Missouri Route 5 runs generally north-south along the lakes western shoreline, crossing the main channel at Hurricane Deck. Missouri Route 7 runs generally northwest-southeast to the lake&#39;s southwest, crossing the southwestern arm. Missouri Route 134 runs southeast from USA 54 north of Osage Beach to its southern terminus in Lake of the Ozarks State Park. In addition, a network of lettered, supplemental state routes provides access to various points along the lake shore.</p><br>
<p>Numerous settlements are located near or on the Lake of the Ozarks. The largest is Osage Beach which sits where the lake&#39;s southeastern arm joins the main channel. The second largest is the city of Camdenton, located on USA 54 a few miles east of the southwestern arm. Lake Ozark lies immediately north of Osage Beach and just south of Bagnell Dam. Other, smaller communities along or near the lake include (from east to west): Kaiser, Lakeside, Linn Creek, Village of Four Seasons, Rocky Mount, Sunrise Beach, Hurricane Deck, Gravois Mills, Laurie, and Lakeview Heights.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrography</h2><br>
<p>The Lake of the Ozarks has a storage capacity of approximately 1,927,000 acre-ft. The lake rarely varies in surface elevation by more than 5 ft. As it was constructed for power generation, not flood control, the lake has only limited flood control capacity.</p><br>
<p>Due to its large volume and surface area, various sources identify the Lake of the Ozarks as either the largest reservoir in Missouri or the second-largest after Truman Reservoir.</p><br>
<h2>Infrastructure</h2><br>
<h3>Bridges</h3><br>
<p>Here is a list of historic bridges that were on the lake.</p><br>
<p>Grand Glaize Bridge &mdash; Replaced by two girder bridges.</p><br>
<p>Hurricane Deck Bridge &mdash; Replaced in 2014</p><br>
<p>Niangua Bridge &mdash; Replaced by a girder bridge.</p><br>
<p>Niangua Arm US 54 Bridge &mdash; Replaced by a girder bridge.</p><br>
<h2>Management</h2><br>
<p>Bagnell Dam is operated and maintained by Ameren Missouri, the successor of Union Electric, under the authority of a permit issued by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. Ameren Missouri is also responsible for managing both the shoreline and water levels of the lake. All land surrounding the lake that is within the project boundary defined by the FERC is under the company&#39;s jurisdiction. Any improvements to the shoreline including docks, seawalls, and other structures require permission from Ameren Missouri prior to construction.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism and recreation</h2><br>
<h3>Parks</h3><br>
<p>During the process of land acquisition for the lake during the 1920s, 17,500 acre of land were set aside for a national park along the Grand Glaize Arm of the lake. In 1946, this land was acquired by the State of Missouri for Lake of the Ozarks State Park, the largest State Park in Missouri. Lake of the Ozarks State Park is home to Party Cove, a rowdy gathering spot that a New York Times writer called the "oldest established permanent floating bacchanal in the country." The Missouri State Water Patrol has estimated that the cove attracts up to 3,000 boats during the Fourth of July weekend.</p><br>
<p>Another state park on the shores of the lake is Ha Ha Tonka State Park on the Niangua Arm of the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Media</h2><br>
<h3>Radio</h3><br>
<h3>Television</h3><br>
<p>The Talas River  rises in the Talas Region of Kyrgyzstan and flows west into Kazakhstan. It is formed from the confluence of the Karakol and Uch-Koshoy. It runs through the city of Taraz in Zhambyl Province of Kazakhstan and vanishes before reaching Lake Aydyn.</p><br>
<p>The Ili, Chu and Talas are three steppe rivers that flow west and then north-west. The Ili River rises in Xinjiang, flows west to a point north of Lake Issyk Kul and then turns north-west to reach Lake Balkash. The Chu River rises west of Lake Issyk Kul, flows out into the steppe and dries up before reaching the Syr Darya. The Talas River starts west and south of the Chu, flows west and north-west, but dries up before reaching the Chu.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the Battle of Talas (named after the river) in 751, the Abbasid force defeated the Tang Chinese forces led by the General Gao Xianzhi over a dispute regarding a client kingdom in the Fergana Valley. The battle was won by the Abbasids after the Karluks defected.</p><br>
<p>The Chinese monk Xuanzang arrived from the Chui river to Talas during one of his journeys.</p><br>
<p>The Crazy Mountains, often called the Crazies, are a mountain range in the northern Rocky Mountains in the USA state of Montana.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Spanning a distance of 40 miles (64 km), the Crazy Mountains are located between the Musselshell and Yellowstone rivers. The highest peak is Crazy Peak at 11,214 ft. Rising over 7,000 ft above the Great plains to the east, the Crazies dominate their surroundings and are plainly visible just north of Interstate 90.</p><br>
<p>The Crazy Mountains form an isolated island range east of the Continental Divide. Other isolated ranges in Montana include the Castle Mountains, Little Belt Mountains, Big Snowy Mountains, Little Snowy Mountains, Highwood Mountains, Sweet Grass Hills, Bull Mountains and, in the southeastern corner of the state near Ekalaka, the Long Pines and Short Pines.</p><br>
<h3>Geology</h3><br>
<p>The Big Timber Stock, a large igneous intrusion, forms the bedrock in the Crazy Mountains., by McDonald, Catherine, Lopez, D.A., Berg, R.B., and Gibson, R. I., Publishing Organization: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, Series and Number: Open-File Reports 511. Publication Date: 2005</p><br>
<p>Map Scale: 1:100,000 The stock is of Tertiary age, and consists of diorite and gabbro with zones of Quartz Monzodiorite, and which has been intruded by many dikes and sills.</p><br>
<p>Geological features of the Crazy Mountains include:</p><br>
<p>Shields River</p><br>
<p>South Fork Musselshell River</p><br>
<p>Sweet Grass Creek</p><br>
<p>Crazy Peak</p><br>
<h3>Adjacent Counties</h3><br>
<p>Meagher County, Montana - north</p><br>
<p>Sweet Grass County, Montana - east</p><br>
<p>Park County, Montana - west, south</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>Due to the eastern location, these mountains are drier and less densely forested than other mountain ranges in Montana. There are at least 40 alpine lakes in the range, 15 of which are named. The Crazy Mountains sit in both Gallatin National Forest and Lewis and Clark National Forest. The Crazies support a healthy herd of mountain goats and the occasional elusive wolverine.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The Crazies are almost completely surrounded by private lands making access into the mountains somewhat difficult, especially in the southern section where the highest peaks are located.</p><br>
<h2>Name origin</h2><br>
<p>The name Crazy Mountains is said to be a shortened form of the name "Crazy Woman Mountains" given them, in compliment to their original Crow name, after a woman who went insane and lived in them after her family was killed in the westward settlement movement.</p><br>
<p>The Crow people called the mountains Awaxaawapìa Pìa, roughly translated as "Ominous Mountains", or even rougher and less accurately, "Crazy Mountains". They were famous to the Crow people for having metaphysical powers and being unpredictable—a place used for vision quests.</p><br>
<p>The Monte Rosa  is a mountain massif located in the eastern part of the Pennine Alps. It is located between Switzerland  and Italy . Monte Rosa is the second highest mountain in the Alps and western Europe.</p><br>
<p>Monte Rosa is a huge ice-covered mountain in the Alps, located on the watershed between central and southern Europe. Its main summit, named Dufourspitze in honor of the surveyor Guillaume-Henri Dufour, culminates at 4,634 m above sea level and is followed by the five nearly equally high subsidiary summits of Dunantspitze, Grenzgipfel, Nordend, Zumsteinspitze and Signalkuppe. Monte Rosa is the highest mountain of both Switzerland and the Pennine Alps and is also the second-highest mountain of the Alps and Europe outside the Caucasus.</p><br>
<p>The north-west side of the central Monte Rosa massif, with its enormous ice slopes and seracs, constitutes the boundary and upper basin of the large Gorner Glacier, which descends towards Zermatt and merges with its nowadays much larger tributary, the Grenzgletscher (Border Glacier), right below the Monte Rosa Hut on the lower end of the visible western wing. The Grenzgletscher is an impressive glacier formation between the western wing of the mountain and Liskamm, a ridge on its southwestern side on the Swiss-Italian border. On the eastern side, in Italy, the mountain falls away in an almost vertical 2,400 m wall of granite and ice, the biggest in Europe, overlooking Macugnaga and several smaller glaciers.</p><br>
<p>Monte Rosa was studied by pioneering geologists and explorers, including Leonardo da Vinci in the late fifteenth century and Horace-Bénédict de Saussure in the late eighteenth century. Following a long series of attempts beginning in the early nineteenth century, Monte Rosa&#39;s summit, then still called Höchste Spitze (Highest Peak), was first reached in 1855 from Zermatt by a party of eight climbers led by three guides. The great east wall was first climbed in 1872, from Macugnaga.</p><br>
<p>Each summer a large number of climbers set out from the Monte Rosa Hut on the mountain&#39;s west wing for one of its summits via the normal route or for the Margherita Hut on the Signalkuppe (Punta Gnifetti), used as a research station. Many tourists and hikers also come each year to the Gornergrat on the north-west side of the massif, to see the panorama that extends over the giants of the Alps, from Monte Rosa to the Matterhorn.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Though Rosa as well as Rose mean "pink" in Italian and French respectively, the name is a false cognate derived from the Franco-Provençal Valdôtain patois word rouése meaning "glacier". On old maps as late as 1740, the mountain was named Monte Bosa and even Monte Biosa by the inhabitants of Val Sesia. The name Mon Boso which appears in Leonardo da Vinci&#39;s notebooks very likely designated the same mountain. From Zermatt the mountain was formerly known under the name Gornerhorn (in Walliser German, lit. Large/Strong Horn). The name gorner is still used for the western ridge that is thrown out from the main mass (Gornergrat) and the glacier that lies at its foot (Gornergletscher) but not used for the mountain itself anymore. Nowadays, in German, the Italian Monte Rosa is used instead (Monte Rosa-Gletscher, Monte Rosa-Hütte, etc.).</p><br>
<h2>Geography and climate</h2><br>
<h3>Geographic setting and description</h3><br>
<p>Monte Rosa cover areas on both sides of the border between the Swiss canton of Valais and the Italian regions of Piedmont and Aosta Valley. The main summit of Monte Rosa is the Dufourspitze.On the Swiss side the town centre of Zermatt is about 13 km south-east and 3,000 m above it.On the Italian side of the massif are located 9 km north-east Macugnaga in the Valle Anzasca,11 kmsouth-east-south Alagna Valsesia in the Valsesia and 13 km Gressoney-La-Trinité in the Val de Gressoney, respectively, away from the summit. The different sides of the mountain greatly differ from each other. The Swiss west side is almost completely covered by large glaciers, tributaries of the 57 km&sup2; large Gorner Glacier, descending progressively with gentle slopes and forming a large uninhabited glacial valley. The Italian east side consists of a 2,400 m wall overlooking Macugnaga, whose snows feed the Belvedere Glacier at its base. The southeast face, culminating at the Signalkuppe, overlooks the piedmontese Valsesia (Valle della Sesia) and the Val de Gressoney in the autonomous region of Aosta Valley.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is mainly covered by eternal snows and glaciers, except for its summit which is a rocky ridge orientated west–east, near to and perpendicular to the main watershed between Switzerland and Italy (the river basins of the Rhône and the Po on the Swiss and Italian side, respectively). The connecting point between them is the Grenzgipfel (Border Summit) right on the border, and therefore also the highest peak on the Italian side. Thus Monte Rosa is the highest mountain in the Alps whose summit is not on the main alpine watershed, although it is off by only 150 metres. The Silbersattel (Silver Saddle) and Grenzsattel (Border Saddle) are the passes located north and south to the summit. The three main secondary summits of Monte Rosa are (from north to south): the Nordend (4,609 m; north of the Dufourspitze), the Zumsteinspitze (4,563 m; south of the Dufourspitze) and the Signalkuppe (4,554 m, Punta Gnifetti), all of them being positioned right on the Swiss-Italian border. Other secondary summits are the Parrotspitze (4,432 m), the Ludwigshöhe (4,341 m) and the Vincentpiramid (4,215 m). All of them originally have German names, since even the Italian valleys used to be by German-based Walsers inhabited valleys.</p><br>
<p>Several perpendicular secondary ridges are connected to the central massif dividing the glaciers that descend towards the Matter Valley. The ridge called Weissgrat connecting the Nordend with the Schwarzberghorn (Corno Nero) presents a wall of formidable precipices towards the east, but falls away in a gentle slope to the west. For a breadth of a few kilometres the upper snow-fields of the Weissgrat lie almost unbroken upon this slope, but as they begin to descend towards the Matter Valley they are divided into two icestreams (the upper Gorner Glacier and the Findel Glacier) by a ridge which gradually emerges from the névé, and finally presents a rather bold front to the glaciers on either side. The highest points of this ridge, appearing insignificant by contrast with the grand objects around, is the Stockhorn (3,532 m)) and the lower Gornergrat at 3,090 m. On their south sides is the lower Gorner Glacier, formed by the confluence of all the major (Gornergletscher and Grenzgletscher) and minor tributaries descending from the north, west and south sides of the central Monte Rosa massif, while on the north side the Findel Glacier descends near to the hamlet of Findeln.</p><br>
<p>Monte Rosa is one of the high mountains surrounding the 40 km Matter Valley south of Stalden. On the southwest to west are Liskamm, Zwillinge with Castor and Pollux, the Breithorn and the Matterhorn; on the north are the Weisshorn and the Dom. The Gornergrat summit, lying 8 km on the north-west at 3,100 m, is a popular view point of the massif, since it is accessible by train from Zermatt, using the highest open air railway line in Europe.</p><br>
<h3>Geography</h3><br>
<p>The extended range of Monte Rosa, which appears to originate in the intersection of two axes of great elevation, throws out a number of ridges that radiate afar and gradually subside into the plain of northern Italy, covering a relatively large area. There are no convenient mode of subdividing the range. However the natural limits of the district can be defined on the north side by the two branches of the Visp torrent. Following the west branch through the Mattertal, crossing the Theodul Pass, descending by the Valtournanche to Châtillon and to Ivrea, and passing round the base of the mountains by Arona, along Lake Maggiore, and up the valley of the Toce, to Vogogna, then ascending by the Val Anzasca to the Monte Moro Pass, the circuit is completed by the descent through the Saastal to Stalden. Within the line so traced, exceeding 450 km in length, all the ranges properly belonging to this group are included.</p><br>
<p>The direction of the ranges and the depressions offers a marked contrast to that prevailing throughout the adjoining regions of the Alps. Unless in a small part of the Italian valleys, the direction here is either parallel or perpendicular to the meridian. Monte Rosa itself lies near the intersection of a great north and south ridge, extending from the Balfrin through the Mischabelhörner, and the highest peaks of the mountain itself, to the Vincent Pyramide, and thence through the range that bounds the Valle di Gressoney, nearly to Ivrea, with the transverse range lying between the Dent d&#39;Herens and the Pizzo Bianco near Macugnaga. The minor ridges on the north side of the border are parallel to this latter range, with their corresponding depressions occupied by the glaciers of Gorner and Findelen.</p><br>
<p>On clear days the mountainous massif of Monte Rosa provides a striking view from the Po plain, particularly its upper reaches in western Lombardy and eastern Piedmont. It dominates the horizon, towering between other lesser Alpine peaks as a prominent, multi-pointed, razor-sharp bulge, its permanent glaciers shining under the sun.</p><br>
<p>The massif is the border between Switzerland and Italy, though glacial melt has caused some alterations to the border. These changes were ratified by the two countries in 2009 and will continue to be subject to change as melting continues.</p><br>
<h3>Geology</h3><br>
<p>The entire massif consists mainly of granite and granite gneiss (a metamorphic rock with foliations). The Monte Rosa Nappe lies below the Zermatt-Saas zone and is part of the Penninic nappes in the Briançonnais microcontinent zone, although its paleographic origin is controversial and is sometimes assigned to the Sub-Penninic nappes. Rocks in the paragneiss of the Monte Rosa Nappe record eclogite-facies metamorphism. The deformation of the Monte Rosa granites indicates a depth of subduction of about 60 km. They were brought to the surface by tectonic uplift, which still continues today.</p><br>
<p>The summit is a sharp, jagged edge of mica schist connected by an arête with the Nordend, but cut off from the Zumsteinspitze to the south by nearly vertical rocks about 120 m in height.</p><br>
<p>Below the Mount Rosa there s a 20 squared kilometer gold field.Its larger than the most productive Southafrican active gold mines.The last mine because of extraction costs, environmental problems and security issues was halted on the Italian side of the massif in 1961.</p><br>
<h3>Climate</h3><br>
<p>Being the highest point in Switzerland, Monte Rosa is also one of the most extreme places. The average air pressure is about half of that of the sea level (56%) and the temperature can reach as low as -40 &deg;C. Owing to the frequent prevalence of a high wind from the east or north-east, and the slow pace at which it is possible to move when near the top, precautions against cold are particularly requisite when climbing Monte Rosa. The snow line is located at about 3,000 m.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>The Monte Rosa massif is popular for mountaineering, hiking, skiing and snowboarding. It hosts several ski resorts with long pistes. Plateau Rosa, about 3,500 metres high above sea level, is a renowned summer ski resort, with permanent snow all year round due to the altitude. The Plateau Rosa is connected via aerial tramway to Cervinia and to Zermatt via the Klein Matterhorn. The western fringes of the massif reach the Zermatt ski domain. Gressoney, Champoluc, Alagna Valsesia and Macugnaga (under the impressive east face, intensely glaciated and some 2,500 metres high) are the main mountain and ski resorts that surround Monte Rosa along its southern side. Monte Rosa is not technically difficult to climb in itself, despite hosting some quite impressive ridges, but can be quite dangerous due to its great altitude and sudden weather changes, as well as crevasses in its extensive glaciers - one of the major glaciated areas in the Alps.</p><br>
<h3>Trekking</h3><br>
<p>The Tour of Monte Rosa can be effected by trekkers in about 10 days. The circuit follows many ancient trails that have linked the Swiss and Italian valleys for centuries. The circuit includes larch forests, alpine meadows, balcony trails and a glacial crossing. It connects seven valleys embracing different cultures: the German speaking high Valais, the Arpitan speaking Aosta Valley and the valleys of Lombardy and Piedmont. Good conditions are necessary to circumnavigate the massif. After reaching Saint-Jacques by the Theodul Pass and the Col des Cimes Blanches, the trekker crosses the Bettaforca Pass before arriving at Gressoney-La-Trinité. Then two passes must be crossed on the road to Macugnaga, the Col d&#39;Olen and the Colle del Turlo. From Macugnaga the trekker reaches the Saastal by the Monte Moro Pass and goes around the Mischabelhörner before ending his journey in Zermatt. In total six passes between 2700 and 3300 metres must be crossed on a relatively difficult terrain.</p><br>
<h2>The Monte Rosa massif</h2><br>
<h3>Peaks</h3><br>
<p>Usually these peaks are considered to be part of the Monte Rosa massif:</p><br>
<h3>Glaciers</h3><br>
<p>Usually these glaciers are considered to be part of the Monte Rosa massif:</p><br>
<p>Gornergletscher (lang-en</p><br>
<p>Monte Rosagletscher (lang-en</p><br>
<p>Grenzgletscher (lang-en</p><br>
<p>Findelgletscher (lang-en</p><br>
<p>Lysgletscher</p><br>
<p>Endregletscher</p><br>
<p>Ghiacciaio di Bors</p><br>
<p>Ghiacciaio delle Piode</p><br>
<p>Ghiacciaio della Sesia</p><br>
<p>Ghiacciaio delle Vigne</p><br>
<p>Ghiacciaio Sud delle Loccie</p><br>
<p>Ghiacciaio Nord delle Loccie</p><br>
<p>Ghiacciaio del Signal</p><br>
<p>Ghiacciaio del M. Rosa</p><br>
<p>Ghiacciaio del Nordend</p><br>
<p>Ghiacciaio del Belvedere</p><br>
<h2>Panorama</h2><br>
<p>Croker Island is an island in the Arafura Sea off the coast of the Northern Territory, Australia, 200 km northeast of Darwin. It is separated from Cobourg Peninsula in the west by Bowen Strait, which is 2.5 km wide in the south and up to 7 km in the north, and 8.5 km long. In the north and east is the Arafura Sea, and in the south and southeast Mountnorris Bay. Croker Island measures 43 km from Point David  to Cape Croker , up to 15 km wide, and has an area of 331.5 km² . At its highest point it is only 15 m  above sea level. Croker Island is the largest island, and the only permanently inhabited island, in the Croker Group.</p><br>
<h2>Settlement</h2><br>
<p>At the earliest time of European contact, the indigenous people of Croker Island were the Jaako.</p><br>
<p>The only notable settlement on Croker Island is the Aboriginal community of Minjilang, located on Mission Bay on the east coast. Apart from that, there are nine small family outstations, the largest ones of which is Inngirnatj (Point David) at the southern end of the island. The settlements from north to south:</p><br>
<p>Alamirra (close to Somerville Bay 1.5 km further the north)</p><br>
<p>Timor Springs (north of Minjilang, 8 km by road)</p><br>
<p>Wanakutja (on Palm Bay in the north-west)</p><br>
<p>Minjilang (Mission Bay), the only village and main settlement of the island</p><br>
<p>Adjamarrago (800 metres north of Croker Island Aerodrome, west of Minjilang)</p><br>
<p>Keith William&#39;s Outstation (Arrgamumu, Arrgamurrmur) (south-east of Mission Bay)</p><br>
<p>Walka (Barge Landing) (south side of Mission Bay, with barge pier)</p><br>
<p>Sandy Bay (close to Sandy Bay on the east coast, but two kilometres to the coast)</p><br>
<p>Marramarrani (southwest coast)</p><br>
<p>Inngirnatj (Point David) (southern end, west side, with boat pier)</p><br>
<h2>Croker Island Native Title Claim</h2><br>
<p>The Traditional Owners of Croker Island, the Yarmirr people, filed a claim over the sea surrounding Croker Island. The case, Yarmirr v Northern Territory, was settled in the High Court of Australia on 11 October 2001. The case established that the Yarmirr people do have native title of the sea and sea-bed, however common law rights of fishing and navigation mean that only non-exclusive native title can exist over the sea.</p><br>
<h2>Environment</h2><br>
<p>Croker Island was severely damaged by Cyclone Ingrid in March 2005.</p><br>
<p>A cull of feral horses was undertaken in 2015.</p><br>
<p>D&#39;Entrecasteaux Islands are situated near the eastern tip of New Guinea in the Solomon Sea in Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea. The group spans a distance of 160 km, has a total land area of approximately 3,100 km² and is separated from the Papua New Guinea mainland by the 30 km wide Ward Hunt Strait in the north and the 18 km wide Goschen Strait in the south. D&#39;Entrecasteaux Islands show signs of volcanism.</p><br>
<h2>People</h2><br>
<p>The inhabitants of D&#39;Entrecasteaux Islands are indigenous subsistence horticulturalists living in small, traditional settlements. People of this area produced and traded clay pots as well as participated in the Kula exchange of shell valuables, travelling widely to other islands on sea-going sailing canoes. During the more recent past, people harvested copra, trochus and pearl-shells and some timber for cash. Alluvial gold mining was once important and in recent years the area has been subject to mineral exploration.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The three principal islands, from northwest to southeast, are Goodenough (Nidula), then across Moresby Straight to Fergusson (Moratau), the largest of the three, and across Dawson Straight to Normanby (Duau). In addition there are numerous small islands and reefs. Sanaroa and Dobu are the most significant of the smaller islands, while Sori or Wild is named for the HMS Challenger&#39;s artist, John James Wild. The highest peak in the group is the 2,536 m Mount Vineuo on Goodenough Island.</p><br>
<p>The DEntrecasteaux Islands are volcanically active, with a number of areas of historic/geologic volcanism and active geothermal fields. Fergusson island has three volcanic masses over 1,828 m high. There are geothermal areas in the south east area of Goodenough Island and the Bwabwadana and Iamalele on Fergusson Island. A particularly active hot springs is located at Deidei on Fergusson. Between Fergusson and Normanby Islands the Dawson Straights Group has several volcanic centres that may define a partly submerged caldera; one of the cones on southwestern Fergusson Island may have erupted in 1350. Geologically the islands are largely made up of rock that probably once belonged to the northern edge of the Australian plate that was thrust deep into the Earths crust by plate collision. The burial of these rocks to great depths (where they also encountered correspondingly high temperatures) metamorphosed the rocks to eclogite facies: &gt;2GPa and &gt;700˚C. Specifically, these islands play host to the youngest known coesite-eclogite sample; CA-TIMS dating of zircons within this sample dates its formation to ~5Ma, meaning it has been exhumed from a depth of ~100 km at the remarkable rate of ~20mm/yr. The rock at the centre of the tall domes in these islands was thus recently very deep in the Earth. Over a very short time, geologically speaking, these packets of rocks have ascended through the Earths shallow mantle and pushed through the crust to form the gneiss domes we find today - the vestiges of the crust these massifs have thrust through are still draped as carapaces over the edges of the domes. These islands are thought to be geophysically significant because they lie immediately ahead of the west-most rift tip of the Woodlark spreading centre, which has been propagating westwards into the continent. The DEntrecasteaux thus represent a stage of continental breakup just preceding fully-fledged volcanic spreading.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The group was named for the French navigator Antoine Raymond Joseph de Bruni d&#39;Entrecasteaux who, in his ship the Espérance, passed through the area in 1792 while searching for his missing compatriot, Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse. Almost a century latter in 1874 Captain John Moresby of HMS Basilisk made a running survey of the west coast of the islands and became the first European to make landfall.</p><br>
<p>D. Jenness M.A. (Oxon) and Rev. A. Ballantyne. (1920) The Northern D&#39;Entrecasteaux, Oxford University Press.</p><br>
<p>In 1891 the Methodist Church of Australia established a mission station on Dobu Island. There natives were recruited to work in gold mines and on copra plantations. Another mission was established in 1898 at Bwaidoga, Mud Bay, on the south coast of Goodenough Island.</p><br>
<p>The island group became a focus of activity in World War II when Imperial Japanese troops were marooned on Goodenough Island briefly in 1942, before being attacked by the Australian 2/12th Battalion. In 1943 RAAF mobile works squadrons constructed an airfield with a 6,000 ft airstrip and other facilities at Vivigani Airfield on the site of a smaller, pre-war airstrip that existed at that location. It was used by allied forces from June 1943 to August 1944 as a staging point for operations in New Guinea and nearby occupied islands. Vivigani airstrip has been open to commercial service since 1963. A US Navy PT-Boat base was established on Fergusson Island in June, 1942. Normanby Island may have been a secret British military base during the war.</p><br>
<p>Mont Aigoual  is the highest point of the Gard département, France. It is part of the Massif Central, and it is located within the Cévennes National Park. Its southern slopes are the source of the river Hérault flowing into the Mediterranean.</p><br>
<p>When the sky is clear, it is possible to see the Mediterranean Sea, the Pyrenees, and also the Alps and Mont Blanc in particular. The summit is accessible by car from a variety of converging surfaced approaches.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>This granite and schist outcrop is a major water catchment area in the Massif Central, being located where clouds from the cold Atlantic converge with warm Mediterranean air currents. The heavy rainfall has given the mountain its name: originally "Aiqualis" (the watery one). In an average year rainfall can measure up to 2250 mm (over 7 ft), making it the wettest place in France. Mont Aigoual forms part of the watershed between the Mediterranean and Atlantic.</p><br>
<p>The meteorological observatory, built in 1887 by the French Rivers Authority and Forestry Commission under the direction of Georges Fabre, is currently occupied by the French meteorological service (Météo France). It is the last remaining weather station in France which is still inhabited by meteorologists. An exhibition on weather forecasting is open to visitors in the summer months.</p><br>
<p>Severe weather conditions are sometimes recorded:</p><br>
<p>Maximum Temperature: 28.2 °C in 1947</p><br>
<p>Minimum Temperature: -28 °C in 1956</p><br>
<p>Maximum wind speed: 360 km/h on November 6, 1966</p><br>
<p>Maximum rain in 24 hours: 607 mm from 6 p.m. on 30th to 6 p.m. on October 31, 1963</p><br>
<p>Maximum snow during one year: 10.24 metres</p><br>
<p>Frozen days: 144</p><br>
<p>High temperature days (&gt; 25 °C): 0</p><br>
<p>Rain days: 170</p><br>
<p>High wind days (&gt; 16 m/s): 265</p><br>
<p>Fog days: 241</p><br>
<p>Days with snow: 116.</p><br>
<p>Mont Aigoual features a cool-summer variant of an oceanic climate (Cfc), bordering to a subpolar (Dfc) (highland) climate.</p><br>
<h2>Tour de France</h2><br>
<p>The col de Mont Aigoual (1507 metres) has been used once by the Tour de France. In 1987 Silvano Montini (Italy) was first over the summit.</p><br>
<h2>The Rider by Tim Krabbé</h2><br>
<p>The Tour of Mont Aigoual is the semi-fictional cycle race in the book The Rider by Tim Krabbé.</p><br>
<p>The race is recreated on the Rapha and on the inrng weblogs</p><br>
<p>It has given its name to the Mahi Kantha agency of Bombay, and also to the mehwasis, marauding highlanders often mentioned in Arabian chronicles.</p><br>
<p>The exact position of Mahi River origin is Minda Village, which is situated in Dhar district Madhaya Pradesh.</p><br>
<p>Mahi River, stream in western India. It rises in the western Vindhya Range, just south of Sardarpur, and flows northward through Madhya Pradesh state. Turning northwest, it enters Rajasthan state and then turns southwest to flow through Gujarat state through the north of Vadodara city outskirts and enters the sea by a wide estuary past Khambhat after about a 360-mile (580-km) course. The silt brought down by the Mahi has contributed to the shallowing of the Gulf of Khambhat and the abandonment of its once-prosperous ports. The riverbed lies considerably lower than the land level and is of little use for irrigation.</p><br>
<p>The river Mahi is worshipped by a lot of people and has a lot of temples and places of worship along its shore. It is popularly described as Mahisagar due to the vastness of the river. The newly formed Mahisagar district in Gujarat derives its name from this pious river.</p><br>
<h2>Dam</h2><br>
<h3>Banswara Dam</h3><br>
<p>Mahi Bajaj Sagar Dam is a dam across the Mahi River. It is situated 16 kilometres from Banswara town in Banswara district Rajasthan, India. The dam was constructed between 1972 and 1983 for the purposes of hydroelectric power generation and water supply. It is the second largest dam in Rajasthan. It is named after Shri Jamnala Bajaj. It has many crocodiles and turtles in it. There are large number of islands within the catchment area of the dam, so Banswara also called popularly called as "City of Hundred Islands".The dam is easily accessible by road.The dam has an installed capacity of 140 MW.</p><br>
<p>The Mahi river flowing into the Gulf of Khambhat is on the verge of extinction due to pollution and salinity. Fisherfolk and non-governmental organisations (ngos) of Vadodara, Gujarat, blame the construction of bunds on the Mahi by the Vadodara Municipal Corporation for the situation. "The bunds constructed to collect water have stopped the surface movement of the river," say the ngo s. Consequently, the river is facing an intrusion of saline water from sea as there is no surface flow to push the seawater back during a low tide. "The groundwater in many areas might become saline due to this. in the past year 2016 around 600-800 turtles have died because of the exicess salinity in the water. the mahi river is in a very bad state now."</p><br>
<h3>Kadana Dam</h3><br>
<p>it was built in 1979 in the villages of Kadana, Tal: Santrampur Dist: Panchmahals, Gujarat. It was constructed to provide irrigation, hydropower and flood protection.</p><br>
<h3>Wanakbori dam</h3><br>
<p>The Wanakbori dam is established near Wanakbori village. The Wanakbori thermal power station uses the water of river mahi. There are 7 units for the production electricity.</p><br>
<p>Iliochori  is one of the Zagori villages in northwest Greece. It is located in the municipal unit of Tymfi in the northern part of the regional unit of Ioannina. According to a local legend, the village was founded as Rasciana, on the river of the same name. However, that site was abandoned because of a lack of drinking water, and the inhabitants scattered to found Iliochori and the nearby town of Laista . Iliochori was traditionally an agricultural village, with husbandry and cultivation of barley and vetch being among its primary areas of economic activity. Viticulture was also prominent, and the village produced a wine, Dobrovino, that gave it its original name. Caravans leaving from Iliochori carried products from the region to the Balkans for trade. The town suffered severe damage in both World War II and the Greek Civil War and lost a large portion of its population during the 1940s as a result.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Origin</h3><br>
<p>The origin of the town is not completely clear. From some historical findings it seems that in the 11th century BC, the local inhabitants formed several small isolated communities, at the sites of Rascianà, Lipochori, Koukourounzu and Souri. Later on, probably for several reasons including drinkable water, the inhabitants abandoned the place and constructed the town in the actual "Dobrinovo". That Slavic name, of the AD 14th century, means "Dobri+novo" ("good + new"). However, not all the inhabitants moved to Iliochori. Some of them settled in Laista (14 km or 9 miles away) that in this period was called Lisinitza. During the period of the Slavic hegemony in the Epirus (AD 6th-7th century), the town of Dobrinovo already existed, as it turns out from the Slavic evidences.</p><br>
<p>In the 14th century, the Monastery of Panaghia was constructed. In 1431, as the "Vrisochoritan" Nikolaos Exarchos reports in his book To Ntombrinovo, the Turkish administration counts 1180 inhabitants. In the following years, it kept developing either as more inhabitants or as increased prosperity. Evidence shows the existence of a document that contained a convention made with a doctor of Pades in order to offer medical assistance. The convention that in the period of one year established that the municipality of Dobrinovo would have paid only the wage to the doctor in order to offer free medical attendance to the inhabitants, who have only paid for the medicines. The documents were signed in 1616, but they were destroyed with the fire of the municipality by the Nazis in 1943.</p><br>
<p>In 1812, the French consul Pouqueville visited the region and reported that in the town of Dobrinovo, he found 750 inhabitants. After few years, since 1815 in Dobrinovo, there was a continuation of Greek schools. Lessons took place in the Monastery of Panaghia and later in some private houses. During the year there happened the first great destruction of the community of the inhabitants caused by bubonic plague disease. The town had numerous victims, and the inhabitants sheltered themselves in the mountains in order to escape from the disease.</p><br>
<p>In 1819 the Metropolita of Ioannina Gabriel visited the communities which suffered from the disease, and in the town he met 160 inhabitants. In a letter of Ath. Psalidis dated 12-2-1823, sent to Movrokordatos, he described the situation of the Epirus and Tessally, under the Turkish occupation, showing an armed struggle for liberation. It reports that in the town of Dobrinovo where people live, they were able to carry weapons. The town of Dobrinovo in that period used the school separated for the boys and the girls and was constructed using the aqueduct that brought water to the town and bridges that opened new roads. The inhabitants of Dobrinovo travelled a lot and became traders, but they did not forget their town and they contributed for its development. The Greek newspaper published in Constantinopolis, speaks about 1200 inhabitants in the town of Dobrinovo. Unfortunately for the town, there followed a period of economic decadence. The Balkan wars in 1912, then the First World War, blocked the trade activities that the Iliochorites had created with the countries like Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, until Russia. Later with the arrival of the Spanish flu pulled down on all the towns including Dobrinovo (Iliochori) with numerous victims.</p><br>
<h3>Under the dominion of the Turks</h3><br>
<p>From 1463 until 1912, Iliochori was under the dominion of the Turks, who had granted to all the towns of Zagoria a governmental autonomy with the payment of taxes. The town grew rich with the maximum development between 1870 and 1900.</p><br>
<p>From 1916 the population was decimated by "Asian flu". The inhabitants of Iliochori lived by breeding sheep and cows, and agriculture, cultivating grain, barley and vetch. They dedicated great care also to viticulture, producing a good wine. However, they were also traders, and in the spring left in caravan with mules and horses, carrying of the goods that they above all sold in the countries of the Balkans, where many had constructed true and economic fortunes. They came back to Iliochori at the end of autumn, to spend the winter with their families. In the winter months, the shepherds were dedicated to the handicrafts, forming itinerant guilds of masons and sculptors in wood that traveled the Balkans selling their goods.</p><br>
<p>Until 1914 in Iliochori there was the school of the chassis situated over the road of the current city hall, where the girls learned to weave. The building belonged to the Gianussi family that had donated it to the city council; beyond the weaving school there were the elementary school, the primary and secondary schools that were found in the same building. In these schools, there were female teachers for the girls and male teachers for the boys. In 1912 the building was burnt, and in 1924 started its reconstruction, which was finished in 1927. The first master was Papasisis.</p><br>
<h3>Second World War and name change</h3><br>
<p>After the 1920 the houses inhabited were 160.</p><br>
<p>In 1926, the town officially changed name from "Dobrinovo" and was assigned the name "Iliochori" that in Greek means "Town of the Sun".</p><br>
<p>During the Second World War, the Germans arrived at Iliochori in 1943 and burnt a large part of the houses of the town.</p><br>
<p>In 1944 another battalion of German entered the town, searching carefully without damaging it.</p><br>
<p>The town has endured large damages during the Greek Civil War from 1946 to 1949 and many inhabitants emigrated. Till World War II, most Iliochorians used to emigrate mainly to Thessaly. Outside Greece, Iliochorians used to emigrate to Bulgaria, Wallachia and the USA</p><br>
<p>Seems that in 1972, there was filmed an old Greek movie Oi Xenitemenoi.</p><br>
<h3>Recent history</h3><br>
<p>From 1990 many original inhabitants of the place, coming from several parts, Athens, Thessaloniki, Ioannina, Larissa and also from Italy, had begun to repopulate and re-evaluate the town, constructing new houses. In the period, many initiatives of building reconstruction were started, like the renovation of the church of Aghios Nikolaos. In 1992 was completed the portion of the road from the locality Gyftokampos to Iliochori, allowing a fast connection to the village. Always in this period, there was a small committee for the creation of the tourist attraction like waterfall of "Balta Stringa", in the locality Rascianà that attracts visitors also from France.</p><br>
<p>In 2002, the first website was launched in English and Italian and later became also in French, Spanish and later in Greek version. In 2008 another website in the Greek language was launched, becoming the first village of Zagori in 2009 with two official websites. The door of the church of Aghios Minas had been replaced with a new one in the summer 2009 by the donation of countryman Georgios Polimeris. In October 2009, SKY TV set up a documentary in the waterfall of "Balta Stringa" and around Iliochori. In 2010, after many years on the initiative of the Cultural Association Iliochori, "The Ntomprinovo" revived, successfully, the reunion of Iliochoriton everywhere in lakes of the pit.</p><br>
<h2>Local main events</h2><br>
<p>Each 20 July: (Prophet Elia): This holiday is in honour of the Prophet Elia of the Patron Saint of Iliochori. It is a holiday of religion and folklore, in fact the women of the town, a few days in advance, they go to the church situated in front of the town, to prepare it suitably for the holiday. The folklore holiday starts on the evening of 19 July. At the center of the square, the Iliochoriti start the traditional dances of the Epirus, and in particular (peculiar) of the region of Zagori, with the music of the orchestra.</p><br>
<p>The morning of 20 July begins the religious holiday: The faithful cover by walking the road that from the town brings to the church of the prophet Elia: at the end of the function; they go to the houses of the people that celebrate the name day for the wishes. Always the same evening on the main square of the town there are again the traditional dances until the first light of the morning. This holiday is occasion of many people originally from this place but living far away, to go back to Iliochori. The holiday attracts many visitors from the towns, eager to taste typical dishes and wines of the region of Zagori.</p><br>
<h2>Location and climate</h2><br>
<p>The village is located in the municipality of Tymfi, in the northern part of the Ioannina prefecture at 71 km from Ioannina, after the locality Gyftokampos. It is built on a steep slope between very tall trees in a green area, with lots of running water and stone bridges. The village of Iliochori also has a small post office and a small school with a nice square re-made as a plaka. Every year during the panegyri of Prophet Elia, it has been used to meet and celebrate the feast.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>The village of Iliochori is connected from Ioannina by the transit communications company KTEL (Greece), that is frequently operated. From the other main Greek cities, like Athens and Thessaloniki, the Via Egnatia highway passes by Ioannina. The closer airport is the Ioannina National Airport, going out from Ioannina in the direction of Coniza. After abbr=on 19 on the right, there is the cross-roads that after abbr=on 50 will bring to the town of Iliochori.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>From Iliochori, following the path built by the Iliochorites (inhabitants of Iliochori), after 2 km in locality "Balta Stringa" are three great waterfalls, the largest of which is abbr=on 25 high. In October 2009, one of the television stations of Ioannina shot a documentary about this main attraction and in the village.</p><br>
<p>In locality Gyftocambos, every year, on the first weekend of August, the descendants of the ancient tribe of Sarachazani, great breeders, meet up for a great festivity that begins on Friday afternoon. They come from all over Greece and other nations of the Balkans, like Romania, Bulgaria, etc. On their arrival they set up the tents and light large bonfires for the preparation of the roasts and in order to warm themselves because at night, the temperature goes down.</p><br>
<p>Another sight is the Rascianitis river that flows in the valley of the town, where one can go fishing.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The 1990 movie "Η τελευταία αρκούδα του Πίνδου" ("The Last Bear of Pindos") was about a migrant from Iliochori, returning from Stuttgart (Germany) to his home village.</p><br>
<h2>Notable Iliochorites</h2><br>
<p>Iraklis Retos, named Mayor in Trikala from June 1946 until August 1950.</p><br>
<p>Nikolaos Bellos from Iliochori in Zagori, died in Ioannina in 1948; he was one of the benefactors of Ioannina.</p><br>
<p>Giorgios Mellis "Official Knight of the Order to the Merit of the Italian Republic"</p><br>
<p>The Mamoré is a large river in Bolivia and Brazil which unites with the Beni to form the Madeira, one of the largest tributaries of the Amazon. It rises on the northern slope of the Sierra de Cochabamba, east of the city of Cochabamba, and is known as the Chimoré down to its junction with the Chapare. Its larger tributaries are the Chapare, Secure, Apere, and Yacuma from the west, and the Ichilo, Guapay, Ivari, Manique and Guapore from the east. Taking into account its length only, the Guapay should be considered the upper part of the Mamore; but it is shallow and obstructed, and carries a much smaller volume of water. The Guapore also rivals the Mamore in length and volume, having its source in the Parecis plateau, Mato Grosso, Brazil, a few miles from streams flowing north-ward to the Tapajos and Amazon, and southward to the Paraguay and Paraná rivers. The Mamore is interrupted by rapids a few miles above its junction with the Beni, but a railway 300 km long has been undertaken from below the rapids of the Madeira. Above the rapids the river is navigable to Chimore, at the foot of the sierra, and most of its tributaries are navigable for long distances. In 1874, Franz Keller gave the outflow of the Mamoré at mean water level, and not including the Guapore, as 41,459 cm/sec , and the area of its drainage basin, also not including the Guapore, as 24,299 km .</p><br>
<p>An extensive pre-Columbian civilization existed in the basin of the Mamore River in the swampy area known as the Llanos de Moxos.</p><br>
<p>Troezen  is a small town and a former municipality in the northeastern Peloponnese, Greece on the Argolid Peninsula. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Troizinia-Methana, of which it is a municipal unit. It is part of the Islands regional unit.</p><br>
<p>Troezen is located southwest of Athens, across the Saronic Gulf, and a few miles south of Methana. The seat of the former municipality (pop. 6,507) was in Galatas. Before 2011, Troizina was part of the former Piraeus Prefecture (in antiquity it was part of Argolis). The municipality had a land area of 190.697 km². Its largest towns and villages are Galatás (pop. 2,195 in 2011), Kalloní (pop. 669), Troizína (pop. 673), Taktikoúpoli (250), Karatzás (287), Dryópi (239), Ágios Geórgios (228), and Agía Eléni (159). There are numerous smaller settlements.</p><br>
<h2>Mythology</h2><br>
<p>According to Greek mythology, Troezen came into being as a result of two ancient cities, Hyperea and Anthea, being unified by Pittheus, who named the new city in honor of his deceased brother, Troezen.</p><br>
<p>Troezen was where Aethra, daughter of Pittheus, slept with both Aegeus and Poseidon on the same night and fell pregnant with the great Greek hero Theseus. Before returning to Athens, Aegeus left his sandals and sword under a large boulder in Troezen and requested that when the child was able to prove himself by moving the boulder, he must return the items to his father in Athens; Theseus lifted the boulder when he came of age.</p><br>
<p>Troezen is also the setting of Euripides&#39; tragedy Hippolytus, which recounts the story of the eponymous son of Theseus who becomes the subject of the love of his stepmother, Phaedra. While fleeing the city, Hippolytus is killed when his chariot is attacked by a bull rising from the sea. Other plays on the same subject have been written by Seneca and Jean Racine, which are also set in Troezen.</p><br>
<p>The ancient city also possessed a spring that was supposedly formed where the winged horse Pegasus once came to ground.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A cult built up in the ancient city around the legend of Hippolytus. Troezen girls traditionally dedicated a lock of their hair to him before their marriage.</p><br>
<p>Sybaris in Magna Graecia was a Troezenian colony (founded 720 BC).</p><br>
<p>Before the Battle of Salamis (480 BC), Athenian women and children were sent to Troezen for safety on the instructions of the Athenian statesman Themistocles. In 1959, a stele was found in a coffee house in Troezen, depicting the Decree of Themistocles, the order to evacuate Athens. The stele has since been dated to some 200 years after the Battle of Salamis, indicating that it is probably a commemorative copy of the original order.</p><br>
<p>The temple of Isis was built by the Halicarnassians in Troezen because it was their mother-l city, but the image of Isis was dedicated by the people of Troezen.</p><br>
<p>In the Middle Ages, it was known as Damala (Δαμαλᾶ) and was the seat of a barony of the Principality of Achaea.</p><br>
<p>Cetina is a river in southern Croatia. It has a length of 101 km and its basin covers an area of 1,463 km&sup2;. From its source, Cetina descends from an elevation of 385 m above sea level to the Adriatic Sea. It is the most water-rich river in Dalmatia.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and geology</h2><br>
<p>Cetina has its source in the northwestern slopes of Dinara. Rising from a spring at Milasevo near a small village called Cetina, 7 km north of Vrlika, it flows 101 km to the Adriatic Sea. A large artificial lake begins near Vrlika, the Peruća Lake, which was created by a dam some 25 km downstream. Cetina then passes into the lower portion of the Sinj karst field, through the city of Sinj. After that it runs eastward, through the city of Trilj and then back westward around the Mosor mountain, before flowing into the Adriatic in the city of Omiš.</p><br>
<p>Apart from its visible basin, the Cetina also receives a lot of water from the west Bosnian karst field via underground routes. Its lower course begins from the Gubavica Falls, at 49 m above sea level, near the village of Zadvarje, 20 km from Omiš. Here it leaves its canyon and flows into a valley which has nevertheless retained something of the appearance of a canyon.</p><br>
<p>The latter portion of Cetina and its relatively large drop in elevation was used to build several substantial hydroelectric power plants. Its water is also bottled as Cetina.</p><br>
<p>The total drainage area of the catchment is around 12,000 km, and the annual discharge is around 105 ms as a consequence of a mean annual rainfall of 1380 mm.</p><br>
<p>Bounded to the east by the Dinaric Alps, which rise to an elevation of 2,000 m, and to the northwest by mountain Svilaja, the majority of the catchment drains calcareous rocks of Cretaceous age, predominantly limestone. Rocks of Triassic and Jurassic age also crop out in the catchment and include dolomitic limestone and flysch. The underlying karst geology controls relief with a series of structurally aligned basins separated by high ridges.</p><br>
<h2>History and archaeology</h2><br>
<p>The Cetina Valley and the narrow passage at Klis have always functioned as a principal trade route between the Croatian coast and hinterland. Strategically, it has been pivotal to the development, not only of the Balkans, but also of significant parts of Europe.</p><br>
<p>The earliest evidence for agricultural activity is from the Early Neolithic in the upper part of the valley. In the Early Bronze Age the Cetina culture, a geographically pervasive group with contacts throughout the Adriatic basin, became dominant. Extensive mound fields are recorded on the lower valley slopes at several locations around Cetina, Vrlika and Bajagić. As in other parts of Europe, the river appears to have been the focus of the intentional deposition of artifacts throughout prehistory. This is particularly true at the confluence of the Cetina and Ruda rivers at Trilj.</p><br>
<p>The area is intimately associated with the heartland of the Delmatae and the areas strategic importance is emphasised by the citing of the legionary fortress at Tilurium (Gardun), just above todays city of Trilj, which guards the entrance to the valley from the south and the approach to the provincial capital at Salona.</p><br>
<p>During the early medieval period, toponymic evidence suggests that the Cetina Valley and perhaps the river itself became a frontier between Slavic and Late Roman power. The area around Sinj eventually emerged as a centre of Slavic power and ultimately established itself as a heartland of the Early Croatian State, especially in the areas of its upper flow.</p><br>
<p>During later periods the area was highly contested and passed between a number of regional and local powers before conquest by the Ottoman Empire during the early 16th century. After this it retained a frontier role between Ottoman Empire and Republic of Venice until the reconquest of the area 150 years later.</p><br>
<p>Today canyon of the river Cetina is very popular among tourists looking for adventure activities like, canyoning, zip-line, rock climbing, kayaking and other outdoor activities.</p><br>
<p>The Lugar Water, or River Lugar, is created by the confluence of the Bellow Water and the Glenmuir Water, just north of Lugar, both of which flow from the hills of the Southern Uplands in East Ayrshire, Scotland.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<h3>Source to Cumnock</h3><br>
<p>The river flows through the small mining village of Lugar, where at Bellow Mill, William Murdoch, the inventor of gas lighting was born in 1784. A cave where he carried out a lot of his experiments can still be seen on the riverbank. The river then flows on through the town of Cumnock, under the Woodroad Viaduct, where its water was used in earlier times to power grain mills and where it is joined by Glaisnock Water.</p><br>
<h3>Cumnock to Mauchline</h3><br>
<p>It continues its journey through the estate of the Marquess of Bute, Dumfries Estate, where it flows beneath the beautiful ornamental bridge of Lochnorris, designed by John Adam. who also designed and built Dumfries House, the residence of the present Marquess of Bute. It now reaches the village of Ochiltree, where its waters are harnessed by a weir which drove the local grain mills in days gone by. Here Atlantic salmon have been seen jumping the fish ladder, which allows them to reach their spawning grounds in the upper reaches of the river. The river also holds a good stock of the native brown trout, and these are fished for by anglers of all ages. In May 2014 the Ayrshire Rivers Trust reported that barbel, a locally invasive species, had been caught on the river.</p><br>
<h3>Lower Reaches</h3><br>
<p>The river now enters a gorge of red sandstone with high cliffs on either side. High on one of these cliffs stand the ruins of Auchinleck Castle and beneath this can be found Wallace&#39;s Cave, where William Wallace allegedly hid from his pursuers.</p><br>
<p>The river now reaches the end of its journey of some twenty miles and here joins the larger River Ayr which carries its waters to the sea.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>Kingfishers and dippers are two of the avian species to be found on its riverbanks, along with yellow and pied wagtails, chaffinch, goldfinch and the tiny wren.</p><br>
<p>Fort Loudoun was a British colonial-era fort located in what is now Monroe County, Tennessee, United States. Built in 1756 and 1757 to help garner Cherokee support for the British at the outset of the Seven Years War, the fort was one of the first significant British outposts west of the Appalachian Mountains. The fort was designed by John William G. De Brahm, its construction was supervised by Captain Raymond Demeré, and its garrison was commanded by Demerés brother, Paul Demeré. It was named for the Earl of Loudoun, the commander of British forces in North America at the time.</p><br>
<p>Relations between the garrison of Fort Loudoun and the local Cherokee inhabitants were initially cordial, but soured in 1758 due to hostilities between Cherokee fighters and European settlers in Virginia and South Carolina. After the massacre of several Cherokee chiefs who were being held hostage at Fort Prince George, the Cherokee laid siege to Fort Loudoun in March 1760. The forts garrison held out for several months, but diminishing supplies forced its surrender in August 1760. Hostile Cherokees attacked the forts garrison as it marched back to South Carolina, killing more than two dozen and taking most of the survivors prisoner.</p><br>
<p>The fall of Fort Loudoun led to an invasion of Cherokee territory by General James Grant and an important peace expedition to the Overhill country by Henry Timberlake. The fort was reconstructed in the 20th century based on the detailed descriptions of its design by De Brahm and Demeré, and excavations conducted by the Works Progress Administration, the Fort Loudoun Association, and the Tennessee Division of Archaeology. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965, and is now the focus of Fort Loudoun State Park.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>As early as 1708, British officials had discussed building a fort in Cherokee territory. The British colony of South Carolina considered trade with the Cherokee crucial, but had struggled to regulate it due to the remoteness of most Cherokee towns. English traders frequently exploited the Cherokee, generating considerable resentment for the English among Cherokee leaders. The presence of a fort would be one means of regulating this trade.</p><br>
<p>Support for the fort increased considerably with the appointment of James Glen as South Carolinas governor in 1743. Glen believed such a fort would not only help regulate trade, but would be a stepping stone for expanding the British Empire into the interior of the continent. The fort had some support among British officials, as it was the height of King Georges War (1744&ndash;1748), and the French were threatening to expand into the area from their base at Fort Toulouse (in modern central Alabama). While the Cherokee were initially cold to the idea, the Overhill Cherokee (i.e., the Cherokees living on the western side of the Appalachian Mountains, in what is now Tennessee), who had been suffering attacks from French-backed rival tribes, invited South Carolina to build the fort in 1747. Support for the fort faded at the end of the war, however.</p><br>
<p>The outbreak of the French and Indian War (the North American theater of the Seven Years War) in 1754 brought revived interest in the construction of a fort. While the Cherokee were allies of the British, French influence within the tribe had grown considerably, and a faction of the tribe at Great Tellico had switched its support to the French. The British Crown provided Governor Dinwiddie of Virginia with funds for the construction of a fort, though Dinwiddie gave an insignificant amount to Governor Glen for the fort, and spent most of the remainder on Braddocks Expedition in 1755. After this expedition ended in disaster, Dinwiddie turned to the Cherokee for assistance in defending Virginia&#39;s frontier. The Cherokee agreed to provide 600 warriors, and in return Virginia and South Carolina would construct a fort to protect Cherokee families while the men were away fighting.</p><br>
<h2>Construction of Fort Loudoun</h2><br>
<p>The fort was to be a joint effort by Virginia and South Carolina. The party from South Carolina was hampered by bureacratic delays, however, and the Virginians, led by Major Andrew Lewis, arrived at the Cherokee town of Chota in the Little Tennessee Valley on June 28, 1756, several weeks ahead of the South Carolinians. Rather than wait for the South Carolinians, Lewiss party began work on a fort across the river from Chota. This structure, known as the "Virginia Fort," was square in shape, measuring 105 ft on each side, with walls consisting of earthen embankments topped by a 7 ft palisade. Lewiss orders were to merely construct the fort, not garrison it, so when it was completed in early August 1756, the Virginians returned home.</p><br>
<p>Although Governor Glens political foes had him ousted in May 1756, his successor, William Henry Lyttelton, was committed to the forts completion. An advance party led by William Gibbs crossed the mountains and arrived at Great Hiwassee in early August, and had reached Tomotley on August 6, 1756, where Gibbs stayed in the home of Cherokee leader Attakullakulla. The main body, consisting of 80 British regulars commanded by Captain Raymond Demeré and two provincial companies of 60 men each, departed from Fort Prince George on the South Carolina frontier on September 21, 1756. Accompanied by 60 pack horses, the group made the roughly 100 mi trek in ten days, arriving in Tomotley on October 1. They were greeted by the Cherokee leader Old Hop and 200 Indians. The herculean task of moving the fort&#39;s 300 lb cannons over the mountains was accomplished by a contractor named John Elliott. John Stuart, an officer and future Indian agent who had accompanied the garrison, negotiated a purchase of corn from the Cherokee that helped the garrison avoid starvation.</p><br>
<p>John William Gerard de Brahm, a German-born engineer who had overseen the repair of the fortifications of Charleston, was tasked with designing the fort. De Brahm and Demeré constantly bickered over the fort&#39;s location and design. Demeré favored a site selected earlier that year by a scout named John Pearson, but De Brahm rejected the site as too exposed. He favored a site further upstream that offered a commanding view of the river, but Demeré disagreed, saying the site lacked suitable land for the garrison to grow crops. Demeré reported that De Brahm, incensed, took out his pistol and offered it to Demeré to shoot him in the head. The two eventually agreed on the current site of the fort as a compromise.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the fort began on October 5, 1756. De Brahm&#39;s design was more elaborate than a typical frontier fort. The fort was diamond-shaped with bastions at the corners, each of which contained three cannons. As the fort was built on a hill slope, two of the bastions were atop the hill, and two were closer to the bottom, with the walls sloping downward. The bastions were named for the King of England, the Queen of England, the Prince of Wales, and the Duke of Cumberland. The walls were 300 ft in length, and surrounded by a ditch, a yard deep and 10 ft wide, which was planted with a honey locust hedge.</p><br>
<p>Throughout November and December 1756, Demeré and De Brahm continued to squabble over the forts design. Demeré disliked De Brahms original design for outer and inner palisades, and thought De Brahm&#39;s plans for two smaller auxiliary fortresses near the river were too complex. The two also disagreed on whether or not to discharge the provincials, with De Brahm arguing the construction work was nearly complete and the provincials no longer needed, and Demeré disagreeing, stating the fort was still uninhabitable. On December 24, 1756, De Brahm, stating the fort was essentially finished, abruptly left for South Carolina, drawing a strong rebuke from Demeré. The nonplussed Cherokees referred to De Brahm as "the warrior who ran away in the night."</p><br>
<p>After De Brahms departure, Demeré abandoned the original palisade design in favor of a single, more permanent palisade. The walls of the palisade consisted of 15 ft upright logs, 8 ft of which extended from the ground at a 15-degree angle. The interior of the fort covered approximately 2 acre, and included a powder magazine, a blacksmith shop, barracks and officers quarters, and supply buildings. The garrison built drains, troughs for salting beef, a meathouse, and a charcoal pit for the blacksmith. The walls and bastions were completed by March 26, 1757. Demeré reported the fort completed on May 30, 1757. Governor Lyttelton named the fort after John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun, who had recently been appointed commander-in-chief of British forces in North America.</p><br>
<h2>Fort Loudoun's garrison</h2><br>
<p>After reporting the fort completed, Demeré requested a replacement, stating he had fallen ill. On August 6, 1757, his brother, Paul Demeré, arrived to relieve him, accompanied by reinforcements. By November 1757, the garrison had completed a guardhouse and several storage buildings. A personal house for Demeré was completed by early 1758, and the fort&#39;s well was completed by June 1758. During the same period, the garrison planted 700 acre of crops.</p><br>
<p>Life at the fort was generally routine. A changing of the guard took place several times per day. At night, five large guard dogs roamed the forts exterior. The forts blacksmith spent much of his time mending Cherokee guns and tools. The garrison provided most of its own food through hunting, fishing and farming, though some food was acquired from the Cherokees (some soldiers had Cherokee wives). Sixty women and children, dependents of the soldiers, lived in the fort.</p><br>
<p>In June 1757, a 36-man contingent of the garrison, led by Lieutenant James Adamson and Ensign Richard Coytmore, attacked a band of hostile Indians who were threatening the Cherokee at Great Tellico. Three of the intruders were killed, and the rest were driven out. In September 1757, Paul Demeré attended the Cherokees Green Corn Dance, and spent the subsequent months encouraging the Cherokee to launch attacks against the French and their Indian allies. He convinced a number of Cherokees, including Attakullakulla, to join the Forbes Expedition against Fort Duquesne in 1758 (Attakullakulla would eventually abandon the expedition in disgust over Forbes delays).</p><br>
<p>William Richardson, a Presbyterian missionary (and uncle of future North Carolina governor William Richardson Davie), arrived at Fort Loudoun in late 1758. He baptized a child of one of the soldiers, and delivered sermons on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day. He reported the Little Tennessee River had frozen over on December 19, and noted a persistent rumor of an impending French attack. Richardson stated the Cherokees were heavy drinkers who were uninterested in his message about the Gospel. Frustrated, he left the fort on February 6, 1759.</p><br>
<h2>Anglo-Cherokee War</h2><br>
<p>Relations between the Cherokee and the English began to decline in late 1758. During the Forbes Expedition, a group of Cherokee warriors, who had been tasked with fighting those northern Indians who were allied with the French, scalped and killed one or more white settlers, and then attempted to parade the scalps before the British, deceptively claiming they belonged to their enemies in order to receive a reward from the British. Suspicious, the British soldiers disarmed Attakullakulla and other warriors, none of whom had been involved, and briefly detained them. Although Governor Fauquier of Virginia managed to placate Attakullakulla, some Cherokees, still bitter over this treatment, raided Virginia&#39;s frontier settlements while returning to the Tennessee Valley. In response, the settlers killed several Cherokees, and the situation quickly spiraled out of control. In April 1759, Moytoy of Citico led a raid into Virginia that killed several settlers. Both Demeré and Attakullakulla demanded the surrender of some of the murderers, but were unsuccessful.</p><br>
<p>Fearing the situation would dissolve into open warfare, Governor Lyttelton placed an embargo on the sale of guns and ammunition to the Cherokee in August 1759. Several Cherokees, especially in Great Tellico and Citico, began turning to the French for weapons. In early September, a soldier from Fort Loudoun, an English merchant and an English parkhorseman were killed and their scalps exchanged for French ammunition.</p><br>
<p>After Demeré reported that the Cherokee were blocking roads into the Overhill country, Governor Lyttelton began making preparations to march against the Cherokee in October 1759. As he was making these preparations, a Cherokee delegation led by Oconostota arrived in Charleston to sue for peace. Skeptical of their intentions, Lyttelton ordered them held prisoner (ostensibly for their protection). He departed for Fort Prince George with 1,700 troops and the Cherokee captives, arriving on December 9, 1759. Shortly after his arrival, he negotiated a peace treaty with Attakullakulla, freeing Oconostota and several other Cherokee captives, and promising to release the remaining captives when the Cherokees who had killed white settlers were turned over.</p><br>
<p>Oconostota and Attakullakulla returned to Fort Prince George in February 1760 to demand the release of the remaining hostages, but Richard Coytmore (who had replaced Lachlan McIntosh as commander of Fort Prince George&#39;s garrison) refused. On February 16, Oconostota requested a meeting with Coytmore. When Coytmore arrived at the meeting outside the fort, he was mortally wounded in an ambush orchestrated by Oconostota. The enraged garrison responded by killing the remaining hostages.</p><br>
<h3>Siege of Fort Loudoun</h3><br>
<p>Demeré had begun preparing Fort Loudoun for a siege in September 1759. On September 9, after the Cherokee tried to drive away the forts cattle, Demeré ordered the cattle to be brought inside the fort, where they were butchered and their meat salted. In November of that year, John Stuart arrived with 70 reinforcements, increasing the forts garrison to 200. In January 1760, Demeré reported the fort had stockpiled enough meat for four months and enough corn for several weeks.</p><br>
<p>Outraged by the events at Fort Prince George, the Cherokee, led by Standing Turkey and Willenawah, launched an attack against Fort Loudoun on March 20, 1760. The fort&#39;s cannons prevented them from getting close enough to inflict serious damage, however, and after firing on the fort for four days, the Cherokee settled in for a long siege. In June 1760, a force of 1,300 British regulars led by Archibald Montgomerie destroyed several of the Lower Towns and invaded the Middle Towns, but after encountering stiff opposition at Etchoe Pass, retreated to Charleston. During the same period, a force led by William Byrd III marched down the Holston Valley from Virginia with plans to relieve the fort, but their progress was very gradual.</p><br>
<p>Attakullakulla, who remained on good terms with the garrison, was expelled from the Council at Chota for warning the garrison that Oconostota had planned a ruse to lure them out of the fort. In early June 1760, Demeré reduced the rations to one quart of corn for three men. In early July, the garrison ran out of bread, and was forced to subsist on horse meat. A dispatch in late July described the condition of the forts garrison as "miserable beyond description." News of Montgomeries retreat further demoralized the garrison, and men began deserting. On August 6, 1760, Demeré called a Council of War, which determined it was "impracticable to hold out any longer." John Stuart and James Adamson met with Oconostota and Standing Turkey at Chota to negotiate the fort&#39;s surrender. The fort, its cannon, and gunpowder would be turned over to the Cherokee, while the soldiers would be allowed to keep their personal arms and baggage.</p><br>
<p>The flag was lowered at the fort for the final time on August 8, 1760, and the garrison set out for Fort Prince George the following day. They camped for the night at the mouth of Cane Creek, along the Tellico River near modern Tellico Plains. On the morning of August 10, some 700 Cherokees suddenly attacked the camp. The garrison briefly returned fire before surrendering. In the melee, three officers, twenty-three privates, and three women were killed. Demeré was reportedly forced to dance, and had dirt stuffed in his mouth before he was executed. Stuart, the only officer to survive the assault, was ransomed by Attakullakulla. The remaining garrison and their families were taken captive. Most were ransomed in the ensuing months.</p><br>
<p>Prior to leaving the fort, the garrison had buried several bags of gunpowder (in violation of the terms of surrender), which was suggested as a possible motive for the Cherokee attack at Cane Creek. However, John Stevens, a member of the fort&#39;s garrison who survived the attack, suggested the Cherokee had planned the attack all along.</p><br>
<h2>Aftermath and later history</h2><br>
<p>After receiving news of the forts capture, Governor Kerlerec of Louisiana dispatched French ships into the interior in an attempt to occupy the fort, but the ships were unable to navigate the Tennessee River. Seeing their position as untenable, the Cherokee negotiated a peace treaty with Grant, which was signed on September 23, 1761. In November, Old Hop negotiated a peace treaty with Byrds men at Long Island of the Holston. Henry Timberlake and Thomas Sumter, soldiers in Byrd&#39;s expedition, visited the Overhill towns in 1761–1762 as part of a peace mission. In his Memoirs, Timberlake merely noted that Fort Loudoun was in ruins.</p><br>
<p>Sequoyah, a prominent 19th-century Cherokee scholar, was born at Tuskegee, a village which had developed just south of the fort. Stones from Fort Loudoun may have been used to construct the Tellico Blockhouse, an American outpost located across the river from the fort, in the 1790s. Louis Phillipe, the future King of France, visited the Blockhouse while in exile in the United States in 1797, and noted that Fort Loudoun was mostly rubble and brush. He suggested the site of the fort had been poorly selected. After the Cherokee relinquished control of the area with the signing of the Calhoun Treaty in 1819, ownership of the fort&#39;s ruins changed hands several times.</p><br>
<p>Historian P.M. Radford published an article about the fort, Old Fort Loudoun, in 1897, and noted that all traces of the fort, with the exception of the well, had vanished. The following year, author Mary Noailles Murfree published a novel about the fort, The Story of Old Fort Loudon, which included several drawings by illustrator Ernest Peixotto. The Colonial Dames of America placed a marker at the site of the fort in 1917. In a 1925 article, "Fort Loudoun on the Little Tennessee," historian Philip Hamer suggested the fort&#39;s earthworks were still discernible.</p><br>
<p>With sporadic support from the state, and from the federal government via the Works Progress Administration, preservationists researched the fort&#39;s history and began reconstructing the fort starting in 1935 during the Great Depression. The Fort Loudoun Association, which had been founded in 1933, maintained the reconstructed fort as a public park, and conducted further excavations over the subsequent three decades. The fort was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965.</p><br>
<p>The Fort Loudoun Association was one of several groups to oppose the Tennessee Valley Authoritys construction of Tellico Dam at the mouth of the Little Tennessee River in the 1960s, as the fort would be flooded by the dams reservoir. At a contentious public meeting on the proposed dam in 1964, legendary local judge Sue K. Hicks, the Fort Loudoun Association&#39;s president, engaged in a verbal altercation with TVA Chairman Aubrey Wagner. TVA eventually agreed to fund the raising and reconstruction of the fort. The agency also funded extensive archaeological excavations at the site, which were conducted by the Tennessee Division of Archaeology in 1975&ndash;1976. The FLA turned over ownership of the fort to the State of Tennessee for the creation of a state park in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological work and reconstruction</h2><br>
<p>The Fort Loudoun Association and the Works Progress Administration launched the "Fort Loudoun Restoration Project" in September 1935, with plans to reconstruct the fort based on historical and archaeological research. Excavations at the site, which began in February 1936, were supervised by Hobart S. Cooper. Cooper was advised by archaeologists William S. Webb and Thomas M.N. Lewis. Historians Samuel Cole Williams, Philip Hamer, and Mary Rothrock provided historical research, and the USA Army provided engineering advice. These excavations determined the locations of the inner and outer palisades, the powder magazine, and the chimney bases of several structures.</p><br>
<p>Beginning in 1955, a series of minor excavations were conducted by Ellsworth Brown, Director of the Fort Loudoun Association. These excavations attempted to determine the location of the forts flagstaff, and explored the location of a structure in the northern part of the fort thought to be Paul Demerés quarters. Brown conducted further excavations in 1957 to explore the fort&#39;s eastern ("Rivergate") entrance.</p><br>
<p>During the late 1960s and 1970s, the Tennessee Valley Authority funded a series of excavations at the Fort Loudoun site (designated 40MR1) and other sites in the vicinity as part of mitigation efforts in areas to be flooded by the Tellico Reservoir. The most extensive excavations were conducted from May 1975 through August 1976, and were led by Carl Kuttruff of the Tennessee Division of Archaeology. Approximately 93% of the fort&#39;s interior was investigated by hand excavation during this period. Researchers also investigated the area south of the fort, uncovering artifacts from the Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian periods, as well as items related to the Cherokee village of Tuskegee, which developed south of the fort in the late 1750s.</p><br>
<p>TVA provided 250,000 cubic yards of landfill to raise the site 8 m, bringing it above the reservoirs operating levels. Care was taken to preserve the original terrain and hillslope. Shortly after this was completed, the palisade, powder magazine, blacksmith shop, two troops quarters, a temporary barracks, a storehouse, one of the gun platforms, and a Cherokee house (representing Tuskegee) were reconstructed. A number of artifacts from the excavations were placed on display inside the visitors center.</p><br>
<p>The location and purpose of several structures were determined through a combination of archaeological and historical work. A map of the fort drawn by De Brahm suggested the powder magazine was located in the northwest corner of the fort, and it was in this area that excavators discovered the location of the only structure in the fort built with stone walls, consistent with the design of contemporary powder magazines. Excavators uncovered what was likely an ash pit from a forge in the southeast corner of the fort, where De Brahm indicated the forts blacksmith shop was located. A 1757 letter from Demeré indicated the forts guardhouse had a double chimney. Excavators noted the only structure in the fort with a double chimney was an elongate building adjacent to the east gate, a position consistent with guardhouse placement at the time. A string of hearths in the western section of the fort indicated the location of the fort&#39;s barracks.</p><br>
<h2>State park and vicinity</h2><br>
<p>Fort Loudoun is now situated on an island created by Tellico Lake at the junction of the Little Tennessee and Tellico rivers. State Highway 360 passes across the island, connecting the state park to Vonore to the north and the rural areas of Monroe County and the Cherokee National Forest to the south. The park&#39;s visitor center, which stands adjacent to the fort, contains a small museum with a model of the fort and several artifacts from the various excavations. Several miles of hiking trails meander through the woods around the fort, as well as the McGhee-Carson Unit across the lake to the south.</p><br>
<p>The Cherokee scholar Sequoyah was born at Tuskegee, just south of the fort, circa 1770. The Sequoyah Birthplace Museum, which is operated by the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, stands just west of the fort, on the other side of Highway 360. The museum includes a burial mound containing over 200 burials excavated during the Tellico Archaeological Project, which investigated several Cherokee town sites in anticipation of the flooding of the valley by Tellico Dam. Monuments to the Overhill towns of Tanasi and Chota are located along Bacon Ferry Road, just off Highway 360 about 12 mi south of Fort Loudoun.</p><br>
<p>The site of the Tellico Blockhouse, an American outpost that operated from 1794 to 1807, is located across the Little Tennessee River to the east of Fort Loudoun. The blockhouse and its associated structures were uncovered by researchers during the Tellico Archaeological Project, and are now marked by wooden posts and stones. Several artifacts excavated from the blockhouse site (40MR50) are on display at the Fort Loudoun visitor center.</p><br>
<h2>Legacy</h2><br>
<p>Loudon County, Tennessee, and its county seat, Loudon, are both named for the fort (Loudon County borders Monroe County to the north). The Tennessee Valley Authority&#39;s Fort Loudoun Dam, which stands to the north in Lenoir City, and its associated lake are also named for the fort. Other entities named for the fort include Fort Loudoun Electric Cooperative, a local electricity distributor, Fort Loudoun Medical Center in Lenoir City, and Fort Loudoun Middle School in Loudon.</p><br>
<p>The River Tawe  is a river in South Wales. It flows in a principally southwesterly direction for some 48 km from its source below Moel Feity in the Old Red Sandstone hills of the western Brecon Beacons to the Bristol Channel at Swansea. Its main tributaries are the right bank Upper and Lower Clydach Rivers and the Afon Twrch. The total area of the catchment is some 246 km .</p><br>
<p>The Tawe passes through a number of towns and villages including Ystradgynlais, Ystalyfera, Pontardawe, and Clydach and meets the sea at Swansea Bay below Swansea. The Tawe Valley (Cwm Tawe in Welsh) is more commonly known as the Swansea Valley.</p><br>
<p>Ownership of the riverbed was granted to the Duke of Beaufort in the 17th century by Charles II resulting in exclusive mineral and fishing rights, which is extended as far as requiring permission and payment for bridges which are built over it. This was last exercised in 2008 when Swansea Council was required to pay £281,431 to the estate, as revealed by a Freedom of Information request.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The lower part of the valley was intensely industrialised in the 18th and 19th centuries and was especially impacted by metal refining and working and to a much lesser extent by porcelain manufacture. Large areas of the lower valley remain contaminated by industrial spoil containing copper, lead, nickel and zinc. The only significant extant relic of those times is a major nickel refinery at Clydach which is part of the Canadian company Vale Inco. The quality of the river has now greatly improved. Large salmon swim up the river to spawn, whilst trout are in abundance.</p><br>
<p>In 1992, a barrage was built at the mouth of the river.</p><br>
<p>National Cycle Route 43 follows this river for much of its course.</p><br>
<h2>Bridges and crossings</h2><br>
<p>Bridges over the River Tawe within the City and County of Swansea, from north to south:</p><br>
<p>A4067 (Ffordd Cwm Tawe) road bridge</p><br>
<p>B4291 road bridge at Glais</p><br>
<p>A4067 road bridge (second crossing)</p><br>
<p>former rail access to the Vale Inco works at Clydach</p><br>
<p>disused railway bridge (former GWR route from Felin Fran to Clydach)</p><br>
<p>A4067 road bridge (third crossing)</p><br>
<p>Park Road bridge at Clydach</p><br>
<p>M4 motorway bridge</p><br>
<p>railway bridge (Swansea District Line)</p><br>
<p>Swansea Vale road bridge</p><br>
<p>A48 Morriston road bridge - links Morriston town centre to the Swansea Enterprise Park</p><br>
<p>Beaufort Bridge - historic access point from Beaufort Road to the now Enterprise Park area.</p><br>
<p>Mannesmann pedestrian and cycle bridge - links the Enterprise Park to Beaufort Road in Plasmarl</p><br>
<p>southern Beaufort Road bridge (unnamed)</p><br>
<p>Landore railway viaduct (South Wales Main Line)</p><br>
<p>Morfa footbridge - links the Morfa Retail Park to the Liberty Stadium</p><br>
<p>White Rock Bridge - road and pedestrian bridge linking the Landore district with the Bon-y-maen district</p><br>
<p>Parc Tawe Bridge - road and pedestrian bridge linking Parc Tawe with St Thomas</p><br>
<p>Quay Parade Bridge - road and pedestrian bridge linking Quay Parade with Fabian Way</p><br>
<p>Old Swansea Bridge - a former railway bridge: the bridge deck no longer exists but the piers remain</p><br>
<p>Sail Bridge - a pedestrian and cycle bridge linking the Maritime Quarter near Sainsbury&#39;s superstore to the SA1 Swansea Waterfront development area</p><br>
<p>Trafalgar Bridge - a pedestrian and cycle bridge located near the Swansea barrage: built at a cost of £1.2 million, it crosses the barrage lock and part of the bridge swings with the lock gates</p><br>
<h2>Future developments</h2><br>
<p>There are plans for further housing developments on both east and west banks of the River Tawe and a proposal to operate river taxis along the river. A report was commissioned by Natural Resources Wales in 2015 as part of its Tawe Trial initiative - completed by regeneration consultants Trilein Ltd. it recommended a number of initiatives to better connect the urban areas on the west of the river with the more rural areas of Kilvey Hill and Crymlyn Bog beyond to the east.</p><br>
<p>Lake Zway or Lake Ziway is one of the freshwater Rift Valley lakes of Ethiopia. It is located about 100 miles south of Addis Ababa, on the border between the Regions  of Oromia and of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples; the woredas holding the lakes shoreline are Adami Tullu and Jido Kombolcha, Dugda Bora, and Ziway Dugda. The town of Ziway lies on the lakes western shore. The lake is fed primarily by two rivers, the Meki from the west and the Katar from the east, and is drained by the Bulbar which empties into Lake Abijatta. The lake&#39;s catchment has an area of 7025 square kilometers.</p><br>
<p>Lake Zway is 31 kilometers long and 20 km wide, with a surface area of 440 square kilometers. It has a maximum depth of 9 meters and is at an elevation of 1,636 meters. According to the Statistical Abstract of Ethiopia for 1967/68, Lake Zway is 25 kilometers long and 20 km wide, with a surface area of 434 square kilometers. It has a maximum depth of 4 meters and is at an elevation of 1,846 meters. It contains five islands, including Debre Sina, Galila, Bird Island and Tulu Gudo, which is home to a monastery said to have housed the Ark of the Covenant around the ninth century. The early 20th-century explorer Herbert Weld Blundell describes finding that "two distinct terraces of former shores rise some 80 feet above the present level, forming a ring round that nearest to the lake on the north, about 4 miles from the shore, marking a former basin." The northern shores were covered by papyrus. Weld Blundell includes in his account "a curious tradition, perhaps suggested by the apparent elevated shore," that the lake "was a kingdom 50 miles across, inhabited by seventy-eight chiefs" which disappeared in a single night.</p><br>
<p>The lake is known for its population of birds and hippopotamuses. Lake Zway supports a fishing industry; according to the Ethiopian Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 2,454 tonnes of fish are landed each year, which the department estimates is 83% of its sustainable amount.</p><br>
<p>The shores and islands of Lake Zway are the home of the Zay people. Tradition states that when the Muslim Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi conquered Ethiopia, the Christians of the area took refuge on its islands. They were later isolated from the rest of Ethiopia by the Oromo people, who settled around the lake. At the time Menelik II conquered the lands around the lake, the lake-dwellers were rediscovered and found to have preserved both their Christian faith and a number of ancient manuscripts.</p><br>
<p>Lake Hjälmaren is Sweden&#39;s fourth largest lake. It is situated in the Central Swedish lowland adjacent to Lake Mälaren through which it drains into the Baltic Sea, west of Stockholm. It is connected by waterway with Stockholm by the 13 kilometres long Hjälmare kanal.</p><br>
<p>It is bounded by the provinces of Södermanland, Närke, and Västmanland.</p><br>
<p>Hjälmaren is 63 kilometres long, about 20 kilometres wide, and has an average depth of 6 metres, and a surface of 483 km². The town of Örebro is situated at the western end of the lake.</p><br>
<p>The lake, however, has become an iconic part of Sweden with music festivals taking place on the banks of the lake. Such notable bands to play there are The Smashing Pumpkins, Sonic Youth, and most notably, Pearl Jam.</p><br>
<p>The rebel Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, was assassinated in 1436 at Engelbrektsholmen, an islet in Lake Hjälmaren.</p><br>
<p>Mount Buninyong is an extinct volcano in western Victoria, Australia rises to 719 m. Within the Mount Buninyong Scenic Reserve 4 km north of the town of Buninyong and 14 km south of Ballarat, it is on the regional city&#39;s rural-urban fringe.</p><br>
<h2>Location and features</h2><br>
<p>The mountain was originally named Mount Bonan Yowing, which is said to derive from an Aboriginal word meaning a man lying on his back with his knee raised. It was from its peak that Thomas Learmonth and a group of squatters first viewed in 1837 what would become the Ballarat district. It is one of the more recognizable landmarks in the entire Goldfields region.</p><br>
<p>Mount Buninyong is located on crown land. Much of it is a public reserve with a substantial native forest that is a major koala habitat. It is an important piece of regional infrastructure as a site for multiple communications antenna for radio and television broadcasting. It is home to picnic areas and the observation tower at its summit is a local tourist destination.</p><br>
<p>Much of the mountain was cleared for agriculture or housing, but widespread protests during the 1980s led to the preservation of native forest cover on much of the upper portion.</p><br>
<p>Total annual rainfall for the Mount Buninyong area is 779 mm. During the colder months growing conditions are restricted. Severe frosts and snow fall occur during winter.</p><br>
<p>The soils of the mount are very fertile and the high permeability and available water capacity makes these soils very favourable for agriculture.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage</h2><br>
<p>The Keyeet balug clan of the Wada Wurrung (or Wathaurong) tribe occupied the Mount Buninyong area. An aboriginal burial site was located in the 1860s and more recently stone tools have been found. Mount Buninyong is seen as a significant site for the recognition of the ongoing connection of Aboriginal people with the land through creation stories and cultural sites and is an ideal site for interpreting Aboriginal cultural history. There have been no records of Aboriginal archaeological sites for Mount Buninyong. There is no evidence that the area has been surveyed. Aboriginal Affairs Victoria has recommended that a survey should take place.</p><br>
<p>Mount Buninyong was an important navigation peak for the early colonisers heading west for pastoral occupation. Springs at the base of the mount were important sites for early settlement. Pound Creek Spring has remained as a public Water Reserve.</p><br>
<p>The Maddalena Pass   is a high mountain pass between the Cottian Alps and the Maritime Alps, located on the border between Italy and France. It connects Barcelonnette in France with Cuneo in Italy. Its French name Col de Larche refers to the village Larche on its northwestern side.</p><br>
<p>Under its earlier name, Col de lArgentière it has historically linked Lyon with Italy; the Col de lArgentière was in the possession of the house of Savoy from 1388 to 1713, offering an easy route between Piedmont and its outlying valley of Barcelonnette, which came into Savoyard possession in 1388, when Amadeus VI of Savoy purchased it for the sum of 60,000 ecus, it was of such strategic and commercial importance.</p><br>
<p>A few hundred metres from the pass, on its Italian side, is the Lago della Maddalena, which is the source of the Stura di Demonte, an important tributary of the Tanaro.</p><br>
<p>The Cuyuni River is a South American river and a tributary of the Essequibo River. It rises in the Guiana Highlands of Venezuela where it descends northward to El Dorado, and turns eastward to meander through the tropical rain forests of Guyana. It finally turns southeastward, flowing to its confluence with the Mazaruni River. The Cuyuni River marks the limit of the disputed territory of Guayana Esequiba for approximately 100 km.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Was discovered by the Spanish empire.</p><br>
<p>In 1681, an island in the mouth of the Cuyuni River was cleared and planted with cassava for the use of the Dutch garrison. By 1694, a new plantation on the Cuyuni River above the fort was established. By 1703 a post was established on the Pariacot Savannah, in the upper Cuyuni.</p><br>
<p>In January 2 of 1895 the "Incident of the Cuyuni river" names by the general Domingo Antonio Sifontes, was an armed confrontation between Venezuelans and British occurred in the region of River by the territorial dispute that had Venezuela with the British Guyana, in which by direction of Sifontes the Venezuelans left winners.</p><br>
<p>At dawn, British police men led by "Inspector Barnes" of England, took an unoccupied military station of Venezuelan nationality, located on the left coast of the river, in which the men of Barnes hoisted the British flag in Venezuelan lands during the day.</p><br>
<p>Facing this fact, the captain Andrés Avelino Domínguez, second to the control of Sifontes, was sent to recover the settlement. The result was the withdrawal of the British and the capture of Barnes and his men, who were taken to the General Police Station, which increased tensions between the two countries amid an internal crisis in Venezuela.</p><br>
<p>Some of the Kali&#39;na people live in the Cuyuni River valley, part of which is in Guyana.</p><br>
<p>The Kamaria hydroelectric power site is located on the Cuyuni River.</p><br>
<p>The river is a source of alluvial gold.</p><br>
<p>Ankoko Island is at the confluence of the Cuyuni and Wenamu River and has been the subject of further disputes between Venezuela and Guyana.</p><br>
<p>The Dâmrei Mountains , refer to a mountain range situated in south-western Cambodia, traversing around 110 km north-south as a succession of the Cardamom Mountains, dropping abruptly to the sea near the town of Kampot. The Elephant Mountains represent the easternmost parts of the original extent of the wet evergreen forests that include Cambodia&#39;s south and the mountains east of Bangkok in Thailand.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The range is a southern offshoot of the Krâvanh or Cardamom Mountains, occupying a much smaller area. The highest elevation is Phnom Bokor at 1,081 m above sea level. Located close to the shores of the Gulf of Siam, the densely wooded hills receive some of the heaviest rainfall in Cambodia, averaging 150–200 inches (3,800–5,000 mm) annually on their western slopes (which are subject to southwest monsoons) but only 40–60 inches (1,020–1,520 mm) on their eastern, or rain shadow, slopes.</p><br>
<p>The Dâmrei Mountains were, until 1975, the principal centre of Cambodia&#39;s pepper-growing industry. After the intervening years of civil war and upheavals pepper-growing has revived slowly beginning from the late 1990s.</p><br>
<h2>National park and tourism</h2><br>
<p>Phnom Bokor National Park occupies most of the highland plateaus and summits of the Dâmrei Mountains. The authorities are trying to curb illegal logging. The park has a great variety of plant species, including rare orchids, an endemic pitcher plant only first described in 2009, as well as some spectacular waterfalls during the rainy season.</p><br>
<p>There are several historic and cultural sites in the national park area. Bokor Hill Station (Station d&#39;altitude de Bokor) is an abandoned French settlement on top of Phnom Bokor, where elite French colonial officers spent holidays during the hot season. The place also has a church and a palace, all in a dilapidated condition. Nearby there is a Cambodian army outpost which doubles as a youth hostel. Both sites are now becoming tourist attractions, and the road to reach them, originally built in 1907 at the cost of many human lives, has recently been modernised. As of 2014, the 32 km road connecting National Route 3 to Phnom Bokor is completed. In 2012, the large luxury hotel of Thansur Bokor Highland Resort, located near the Bokor Hill Station, was completed.</p><br>
<p>The Hermann Heights Monument is a statue erected in New Ulm, Minnesota. The statue depicts Hermann the Cheruscan, also known by the Latin name Arminius, but locals refer to the statue as Hermann Deutsch. The only National Register of Historic Places property of its kind in Minnesota, the monument remains an impressive remembrance of Deutsch Germanic ancestry for many Minnesotans. Visitors to the statue can climb the spiral staircase to an observation platform at the base of the statue, which commands a view of the town and the Minnesota River Valley below.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>This statue commemorates the German victory over the Romans at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, a symbol of German patriotism.</p><br>
<p>While Arminius had been known about in Germany since the rediscovery of the writings of Tacitus in the 15th century, German Protestant intellectuals in the first half of the 18th century christened him "Hermann Deutsch" and promoted his status from that of a local tribal leader with family ties to Rome to that of a hero of Alemmani resistance to "Roman" (i.e. Papal) authority; the 19th century added another layer of meaning, namely Pan-German unity and resistance to Revolutionary France and her language. As depicted in this statue, Hermann&#39;s eastward gaze and upraised sword signify freedom from Rome. Perhaps not coincidentally, a statue of St. Paul atop the nearby Roman Catholic Cathedral of the Holy Trinity also gazes eastward, with his sword point-down, planted firmly in the ground.</p><br>
<h2>Characteristics</h2><br>
<p>The Hermann Monument has a total height of approximately 102 ft. Constructed of sheet copper molded over iron, the 27 ft statue stands on a 70 ft iron column encircled by a spiral staircase to the dome, which is supported by 10 iron columns and a Kasota stone base.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Following the completion of the similarly commemorative Hermannsdenkmal statue in Detmold, Germany, in 1875, the Germanic-American fraternal order of the Sons of Hermann, under the leadership of Julius Berndt, who headed the New Ulm chapter and was then national secretary of the order, paid for the erection of the American monument. Berndt designed the monument setting, for which the cornerstone was laid in 1888. The statue was created by Alfonz Pelzer of the W. H. Mullins Manufacturing Company in Salem, Ohio and shipped to New Ulm. It arrived in 1890 and was dedicated in 1897. Structural and cosmetic restoration projects were carried out in 1998 and again in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Hermann Heights Monument was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. It is the third largest copper statue in the United States after the Statue of Liberty and the "Portlandia" in Portland, Oregon.</p><br>
<p>The 106th United States Congress (2000) designated the Hermann Monument in New Ulm to be an official symbol of all citizens of "Germanic" heritage.</p><br>
<p>In August 2009, a small fire at the base of the monument caused officials to question the structural integrity of the monument. As of this time, the monument remains open to the public.</p><br>
<p>Palmarola is a craggy, mostly uninhabited island in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the west coast of Italy. It is the second largest of the Pontine Islands and located about 10 km west from Ponza.</p><br>
<p>Palmarola has an extremely rocky coast dotted with natural grottos, bays, cliffs, and crags. The island is primarily a nature reserve, but there are a handful of ports where boats can land and several restaurants that cater to tourists during the summer season. A few small beaches exist.</p><br>
<p>The famous French explorer and oceanographer Jacques-Yves Cousteau appointed Palmarola as "The most Beautiful Island in the Mediterranean Sea"</p><br>
<p>Pope Silverius was exiled to and died on Palmarola in 537.</p><br>
<h2>Points of interest</h2><br>
<p>San Silverio Shrine, a site where miracles have been confirmed, access to the site is somewhat difficult.</p><br>
<p>Cava Mazzella, a natural cave</p><br>
<p>Zannone is an island in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the west coast of Italy, and is part of the Pontine Islands, administratively in the comune of Ponza. The entire island is about 1 km&sup2; in size and about 10 km from Ponza Island.</p><br>
<p>It is part of the Circeo National Park because of its beauty and several rare biomes. The island is uninhabited but supervised by the Forestry Service, which maintains a station and small educational exhibit on top of Monte Pellegrino, the highest point on the island. There are also ruins of a Benedictine convent dating to the 13th century. Built on top of this former convent are the remains of a Colonial style Villa once the home of Marquis Casati Stampa and his Wife Anna Fallarino, who hosted orgies on the island. However, there are no tourist facilities and camping or overnight stays are prohibited although no special permit is required to visit the island.</p><br>
<h2>Punta Varo Lighthouse</h2><br>
<p>There is a lighthouse on the island called Punta Varo Lighthouse.</p><br>
<p>Shrine Pass, elevation 11,094 ft, is a mountain pass in the Sawatch Range of central Colorado.</p><br>
<p>The pass is located at the northern end of the Sawatch Range, along the border of Eagle and Summit counties west of Frisco and 2 mi northwest of Vail Pass. It is traversed by a narrow unpaved road connecting the eastern side of Vail Pass near Interstate 70 (east) with the town of Red Cliff in the upper valley of the Eagle River (west). Most of the time, it is a 4WD or jeep trail; however, in ideal weather the road is considered traversable by sturdy 2WD vehicles and light trucks.</p><br>
<p>The pass was formerly the principal route between the upper valleys of the Blue and Eagle before the construction of USA Highway 6 over nearby Vail Pass, which subsequently became the main route. The pass offers scenic view of wildflower meadows and pine woodlands during the summer and autumn months, as well as distant view of Mount of the Holy Cross to the north. It is especially popular as a sightseeing route during the autumn months.</p><br>
<p>During the winter, it is a popular snowmobile and cross-country skiing route. A car shuttle from the resort town of Vail in the Eagle Valley to the town of Red Cliff allows skiers to access the pass. After a one-mile hike upwards, it is possible to descend a ten-mile course back down to the town of Red Cliff.</p><br>
<p>The Sunken Gardens are 4 acres  of well-established botanical gardens, located in the Historic Old Northeast neighborhood of St. Petersburg, Florida, at 1825 4th Street North. The Gardens have existed for more than a century, and are one of the oldest roadside tourist attractions in the United States. The Gardens are now operated by the City of St. Petersburg, FL and maintained with the help of volunteers. Sunken Gardens are open to the public every day of the week. An admission fee is charged for entrance into the gardens and a yearly membership is also available.</p><br>
<p>Sunken Gardens retains their historical interest as an important example of a 1930s Florida roadside commercial attraction, and is probably the oldest commercial tourist attraction on Florida&#39;s west coast. The Gardens are open to the public for educational programs, tours, and special events, particularly weddings which have taken place for decades on the Wedding Lawn, and in the banquet facilities in the Garden Room overlooking the unique garden setting.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Gardens began in 1903, when plumber and avid gardener George Turner Sr. purchased the site, including a shallow lake 10 ft below sea level, which he drained to form his private "sunken" garden. Turner started planting papayas and citrus fruits along with other exotic plants on the rich soil surrounding his home. By the 1920s, Turner had opened a nursery and began selling fruits, vegetables, roses and other plants, and visitors were paying a nickel each to stroll through the gardens. In the fall of 1935, he fenced his garden and started charging an admission fee of 25 cents. The Gardens eventually became widely popular, and from the 1950s through the 1970s were ranked among Florida’s top ten commercial attractions. After George&#39;s death in 1961, his sons, Ralph and George Jr. They eventually sold it to the city in 1999 for more than $2.26 million.</p><br>
<h2>Historic Building Status</h2><br>
<p>The Gardens include a large building originally known as the Sanitary Public Market, first constructed in 1926-27, and designed by architect Albert Lee Hawes. It was a Mediterranean Revival style arcade with twin Moorish towers, cast stone trim, and a tile roof. In 1940, it was converted for use as the Coca-Cola Bottling Company, and restyled in Art Moderne. The Turner family purchased the building in 1967 to create the World’s Largest Gift Shop and the King of Kings Wax Museum, adding faux lava portions at that time. In 1999, it was purchased by the City of St. Petersburg, along with the adjoining gardens, using a voter-approved tax. The Gardens were designated as a local historic landmark and treated to several years efforts of restoration. On June 27, 2002, the former Sanitary Public Market building was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places, and is now the home of a childrens science museum called Great Explorations.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The Gardens currently contain over 500 species of tropical and subtropical plants amidst pools and cascading waterfalls, lushly planted in a collection of more than 50,000 tropical plants and flowers. They include a Japanese garden, cactus garden, and butterfly garden, and Chilean flamingos. Plants include bougainvilleas, royal palms, water lilies, shrimp plants, and fruit trees. The garden atmosphere is peaceful and many of the plants are quite large (compared to typical specimens) due to their long history of protection and cultivation.</p><br>
<h2>Chilean Flamingos</h2><br>
<p>In 2016, Sunken Gardens acquired a new young flock of 20 Flamingos from the San Antonio Zoo. They joined elderly flamingo residents, George and Lucy, the two remaining Chilean flamingos from the original 17 bird flock that have been on exhibit since 1956. The new flamingos were purchased with funds raised by a nonprofit group, Flamingos Forever, composed of volunteers. Additionally, the city purchased a $30,000 nighttime enclosure for the new flock. Flamingos Forever changed their name to Sunken Gardens Forever, after the acquisition of the new flock, and St. Petersburg Mayor Rick Kriseman named May “Sunken Gardens Forever Appreciation Month” in St. Petersburg, FL, in honor of their fundraising efforts.</p><br>
<h2>Programs for Lifelong Learning</h2><br>
<p>Sunken Gardens offers six programs for children and adults. For children they offer a photography program entitled “Cameras and Kids” where children learn basic photography skills and how to take better photographs with their own camera or smartphone. They also offer a “Flamingo Forever” program, where children learn about flamingos, visit the flamingos, and then play games and create crafts. The adult horticulture programs include “Propagation Techniques,” “Grow Microgreens,” “Rain Gardens and Barrels,” and an orchid program, “Think Outside the Pot: Mounting Orchids.” Programs are free with membership and are included with paid admission.</p><br>
<p>Trout Creek Pass, elevation 9,487 ft, is a mountain pass located in the Rocky Mountains of south-central Colorado in the United States. The pass sits atop the southern end of the Mosquito Range on the Park-Chaffee county line, between South Park  and the headwaters of the Arkansas River to the west. It is traversed jointly by USA Highway 24   and US 285 . It is passable by most motorized vehicles and is closed only during severe winter storms. The approach from the north is mild, while the south side has a moderate 5% grade.</p><br>
<p>Curiously, the elevation stated on the highway sign at the summit (see attached picture) appears to be in error by about 140 ft, as it disagrees with well-established topographic maps as well as published data.</p><br>
<p>Geologically, the pass is located on a fault that runs along the Mosquito Range. Road cuts along the eastern approach to the pass reveal Pennsylvanian black shale and thin gray limestone layers that were laid down prior to the creation of the Ancestral Rockies. These Paleozoic layers were not uplifted during the creation of the Ancestral Rockies approximately 300 MYA and thus were not eroded to the same degree as other areas to the east and west.</p><br>
<p>The pass was traversed by the Denver, South Park and Pacific Railroad in 1879, providing the first rail link between Denver and Leadville in the early days of the Colorado Silver Boom. The Colorado Midland also built a line west from Colorado Springs to Leadville over Trout Creek Pass in the 1890s. Both lines fell into disuse in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>The pass is in the San Isabel National Forest.</p><br>
<p>The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens  is the only botanical garden in the world dedicated to the display and study of epiphytes, especially orchids and bromeliads, and their canopy ecosystems, with a focus on botany, horticulture and environmental education. Ongoing research and exploration for tropical plants attracts worldwide attention of international scholars and plant enthusiasts. It is located on the grounds of the former home of Marie and William Selby  at 900 South Palm Avenue, in the heart of Sarasota, Florida, United States, and open to the public 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. every day but Christmas.</p><br>
<h2>Flora</h2><br>
<p>The Gardens feature the most diverse living and preserved collections of epiphytes in the world, and feature more than 20,000 living plants including 5,500 orchids, 3,500 bromeliads and 1,600 other plants.The living collection is accompanied by an herbarium, with dried and preserved specimens of tropical flora; the worlds second largest spirit collection consisting of vials of mostly orchid flowers in preservative fluids; and a library. More than 150 expeditions to the tropics and subtropics have contributed to these collections. Selby Gardens botanists have discovered or described more than 2,000 plant species previously unknown to science.</p><br>
<p>For the casual visitor, the Gardens maintain banyans, bamboo, live oaks, palms, mangroves, succulents, wildflowers, cycads, bromeliads, a butterfly garden, a fragrance garden, an edible garden and a koi pond, on a site bordering Sarasota Bay. The interactive Ann Goldstein Children&#39;s Rainforest Garden is designed to help children develop a lifelong appreciation for rainforest plants.</p><br>
<h2>Divisions</h2><br>
<p>Major divisions of the Gardens are as follows:</p><br>
<p>The Mulford B. Foster Bromeliad Identification Center was established in 1979 in honor of Mulford Foster, one of the leading bromeliad collectors to provide information on the horticultural and botanical aspects of the Bromeliaceae. It maintains taxonomic files for over 2800 species, genera, and subfamilies, and houses more than 2000 photographic slides for use by individuals, institutions and societies. It is supported by local and international bromeliad societies.</p><br>
<p>Greenhouses contain over 10,500 accessions in more than 600 genera representing 92 plant families, including 4900 orchids, 3600 bromeliads, 660 aroids, 240 ferns, 140 gesneriads, and 1300 other plants.</p><br>
<p>Gardens contain approximately 2300 recorded tropical and subtropical plantings, representing some 1,200 species, 620 genera, and 165 plant families. A significant portion are well-documented, vouchered species collected from native habitats.</p><br>
<p>The Herbarium contains approximately 106,000 specimens of tropical flora, largely neotropical, with an emphasis on epiphytes. Ecuador flora and flora of the Andes are well represented. Current collections of families, with number of types for each, is: Orchidaceae (1200), Bromeliaceae (109), Gesneriaceae (105), Araceae (62), Marantaceae (16), Heliconiaceae (14), and miscellany (61).</p><br>
<p>The Orchid Identification Center was established in 1975 to study and curate wild-collected and conservatory grown orchids, and to serve as a center for their identification. It has amassed a collection of more than 20,000 taxonomic reference files, a collection of photographs, and 24,000 spirit preserved specimens, with particular strengths in collections from Mexico, Central America, Andean South America, and Venezuela.</p><br>
<p>The Christy Payne House houses the Museum of Botany and the Arts, the Garden&#39;s gallery for changing exhibits of botanical art and photography. It is listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places, to which it was added on September 25, 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Research Library houses approximately 124,000 volumes, dealing primarily with tropical plants, and especially epiphytes. It includes a rare book collection dating to the late 18th century, 14,000 issues of scientific journals, 2500 microfiche of early botanical references and herbaria, a photographic slide collection, and other related holdings.</p><br>
<p>The Spirit Collection contains nearly 28,000 vials of flowers in preservative fluids, making it the second largest such collection in the world after the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. The collection includes 24,000 vials of the orchid family (Orchidaceae); several thousand vials of gesneriads (Gesneriaceae); and 300 vials of bromeliads (Bromeliaceae).</p><br>
<h2>Selby Gardens Research Library (Research Library)</h2><br>
<p>The Selby Gardens Research Library began with a request made from William Cole&#39;s estate in 1973. Building the research library was part of the requirement when planning and building the Selby Botanical Gardens and began acquiring the book collection even before the Botanical Gardens opened to the public. It is considered to be one of the finest, most respected botanical libraries in the United States, with many scientists from all over the world coming to visit the numerous collections. Since the library opened in 1975, many people have contributed to the growing collection of botanical research, including collections from L.O. Williams, Dr. Helen Miller, and Dr. Bruce McAlpin. The library is primarily a research tool and reference for scientists and horticulturalists, along with amateur plant enthusiasts. A searchable catalogue of the collection is available on-line for viewing.</p><br>
<h3>Library collections</h3><br>
<p>Main library collection- holds 7,000 volumes with 4,900 titles. This collection consists of ecology, systematic botany, taxonomy of epiphytic plant families, and ethnobotany, among other subjects.</p><br>
<p>Rare Books- the collection contains over 500 volumes, with some volumes being over 200 years old. This collection includes the Curtis’ Botanical Magazine from 1788.However access to this collection is only available through an appointment and accompaniment with a librarian.</p><br>
<p>Serials- over 310 titles on horticultural and botanical journals, along with newsletters.</p><br>
<p>Botanical Prints- part of the Rare Books but separate. Access is extremely limited, normally not open to the general public.</p><br>
<p>Blueprints, Slides, CDs are also available to view in the main library collection</p><br>
<p>Microfiche collection- over 141 titles including the hard to find Orchidaceae.</p><br>
<p>The library is only open on Monday (9am to 12pm) and on Friday (1pm to 4pm). It is open to the general public but an appointment must be made ahead of time to view and use the collection. Also no materials can be checked out to the general public. For members and volunteers, they can visit the library during library hours and check out books and journal collections for a two-week period.</p><br>
<h2>Selby Botanical Gardens Press</h2><br>
<p>The Selby Botanical Gardens Press publishes the research journal Selbyana – The Journal of The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, botanical books, proceedings, field guides, and posters. Selbyana, published since 1975, is a peer-reviewed scientific journal issued twice a year, focusing on research on canopy biology and tropical plants, especially epiphytes. This includes many papers on gesneriads, including valuable contributions by Hans Wiehler and Larry Skog, bromeliads and orchids.</p><br>
<p>The Kennedy Compound consists of three houses on six acres  of waterfront property on Cape Cod along Nantucket Sound in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, United States. It was once the home of American businessman and political figure Joseph P. Kennedy Sr., his wife Rose, and two of their sons, President John F. Kennedy and Senator Robert F. Kennedy. Their youngest son, Senator Ted Kennedy, lived in his parents&#39; house, and it was his main residence from 1982 to 2009. He died of brain cancer at the compound in August 2009.</p><br>
<p>President Kennedy used the compound as a base for his successful 1960 USA presidential campaign and later as a summer White House and presidential retreat until his assassination in November 1963. In 2012, the main house was donated to the Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1926 Joseph P. Kennedy rented a summer cottage at 50 Marchant Avenue in Hyannis Port. Two years later, he purchased the structure, which had been erected in 1904, and enlarged and remodeled it to suit his family&#39;s needs. In and around this house, their nine children spent their summers, acquiring a lifelong interest in sailing and other competitive activities.</p><br>
<p>In 1956, Jack bought a smaller home of his own at 111 Irving Avenue, not far from his father&#39;s home. Subsequently, Ted acquired the residence at 28 Marchant Avenue adjacent to the other two in 1959 and sold it to Bobby and his wife Ethel in 1961. Edward lived in the compound until his death.</p><br>
<h2>Layout</h2><br>
<p>All three buildings are white-frame clapboard structures typical of vacation residences on Cape Cod. Except for specific occasions at the Main House, the buildings are not available for public visitation.</p><br>
<h3>Main house</h3><br>
<p>Joe&#39;s home, the Main House and the largest of the three, is surrounded by well-tended lawns and gardens and it commands sweeping views of the ocean from its long porches.</p><br>
<p>On the main floor are a living room, dining room, sun room, television room, the bedroom that John used before he purchased his own house in the compound, the kitchen, and various pantries and utility rooms.</p><br>
<p>On the second floor are six bedrooms, a sewing room, packing room, and four servants&#39; bedrooms. The house has a full attic.</p><br>
<p>The basement contains a motion-picture theater and a hall covered with dolls from all around the world. A wine cellar designed after a ships hull and a sipping room – one of the Kennedy familys favorite hideouts. It is considered the place that Ted coined the well-known toast "There are good ships, and there are wood ships, the ships that sail the sea. But the best ships are friendships, and may they always be."</p><br>
<p>The house has changed little, either structurally or in furnishings, since John&#39;s association with it.</p><br>
<p>In 2012, the main house was donated by the Kennedy family to the Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate. On the grounds are an enclosed swimming pool, tennis court, a four-car garage, and two guest houses.</p><br>
<p>There are two circular driveways with flagpoles standing in the middle, a boathouse and several large stretches of lawn area where the many family touch football games were played.</p><br>
<p>Other parcels of land that assorted members of the family have purchased remain as well-tended as those of the more prominent homes.</p><br>
<p>Troy Savings Bank Music Hall, now owned by First Niagara Financial Group, is a bank and performance space in Troy, Rensselaer County, New York, United States. The music hall, renowned for its acoustics and an Odell concert organ, is operated by a not-for-profit organization.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Troy Savings Bank was founded in 1823 and moved to its current location in 1870. In appreciation of the community&#39;s support, the plans for the new building called for a music hall to be built on the upper floors.</p><br>
<p>In the early years of the 20th century the Music Hall featured performances from artists such as Lillian Nordica, Henri Vieuxtemps, Ignace Jan Paderewski, Albert Spalding, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Myra Hess and Jose Iturbi. In the 1930s and 1940s, artists including Vladimir Horowitz, Yehudi Menuhin and Artur Rubinstein played there. It was a usual stop for a musician on a tour around America.</p><br>
<p>Apparently not up to modern building codes, there was long a tradition that prior to each performance the Fire Marshal would come out on stage and announce "There is absolutely no smoking in the Hall. If you have to smoke, you can hit the streets at half time."</p><br>
<p>Following World War II, Troys wealth declined and so did the banks. Many public initiatives were begun to save the bank (and thus the music hall) from closure. Ideas included establishing an industrial and folk art museum downstairs and renting the Hall itself to the area&#39;s many colleges.</p><br>
<p>In 1979, the Troy Savings Bank Music Hall Revitalization Committee was founded by private citizens. With the bank&#39;s support and additional funding from the city and county for its administration, the Troy Savings Bank Music Hall Corporation was founded. A not-for-profit organization which still leases the Hall from the bank, the corporation began its ownership with a performance by the Benny Goodman Band in 1980. A corporate re-structuring and buyout followed, and, in 1999, the Troy Savings Bank converted to a public corporation. On January 16, 2004, First Niagara Financial Group, Inc. acquired Troy Financial Corporation, the holding company for the Troy Savings Bank, and Troy Commercial Bank.</p><br>
<p>It is a contributing property to the Central Troy Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>George B. Posts design was selected by default: due to his pioneer work in crafting metal to simulate stone in a buildings superstructure, it was the only estimate to fall within the boards projected budget. A graduate of New York University, Post studied under Richard Morris Hunt in the mid 1800s and soon became a respected architect in New York City. His preference for the Beaux Arts and French Renaissance styles can be seen in the buildings highly detailed decorations. Construction began on the bank&#39;s new property on the corner of State and Second Streets in July 1871.</p><br>
<p>The building was completed in April 1875, at a final cost of $435,000. The result was a massive six story edifice that dominates the surrounding neighborhood. The bank offices comprised about one-third of the first floor; the remainder was rented to area businesses, including at various times an insurance company, the Troy Chamber of Commerce, a bus terminal and a plumbing company. Above this rose the Music Hall: 106 feet long, 69 feet wide and a towering 61 feet high.</p><br>
<p>Original granite stairs running the width of the building introduced concert-goers to the ornate grandeur of the hall. Box offices to the left and right preceded a center stairway, which led to the hall itself. Parquet and Dress Circle seats were, and still are, reached by using the center staircase. Iron staircases on either side guided the way to the upper and lower boxes, the balcony, and the gallery seating areas. The hall&#39;s seating capacity is 1,253, and seating arrangements have never changed. Post designed all of the staircases himself and had them constructed by Architectural Iron Works in New York City.</p><br>
<p>Intricate frescoes, crafted by another New York City firm, G. Garibaldi, decorated the walls about the stage and ceiling. The frescoes above the stage were covered by the addition of a large tracker action organ in October, 1890.</p><br>
<p>Most of the original frescoing is still visible, except for the ceiling, where the replacement of the chandelier in 1930 also involved repair work on the ceiling frescoes. The first chandelier was remarkable, with 14,000 hand-cut French prisms catching the light of 260 gas burners, ignited by a single traveling gas jet. In October 1923, it was converted to electric, and later replaced by the chandelier which hangs there today. The rest of the lighting was converted in 1929, following an accident in December 1928, when a ballerina&#39;s headdress was ignited by a gas lamp in her dressing room. Consequently, the fire marshal ordered the conversion from gas to electric as a safety precaution. The new frescoes, made in 1930, outlined the rim of the ceiling and exhibited the popular Art Deco styling of the late 1920s in the lettering, featuring the names of great classical composers such as J. S. Bach and Haydn. The chandelier has not been modernized, and still must be raised and lowered by a hand crank.</p><br>
<p>The building was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Organ</h2><br>
<p>The organ at the Troy Savings Bank Music Hall was built in 1882 as Opus 190 of J. H. & C. S. Odell of Yonkers, New York, and originally installed in the home of New York City financier William Belden. The original purchase price of the instrument was $12,470. The Troy Savings Bank purchased the organ from Mr. Belden in 1889 and the instrument was installed in the Music Hall during the months of August through October, 1890. The first notes from the Odell Opus 190 in the Hall were heard on October 20, 1890. The organ was maintained in usable condition until the 1960s, at which point it fell into disrepair.</p><br>
<p>In early 2006, an effort was mounted to restore the organ after decades of neglect. Under the impetus of the Organ Historical Society and under the direction of organ builder S.L Huntington & Co. of Stonington, Connecticut, a crew of volunteers worked over the course of several weeks to restore the organ to playable condition. The instrument was featured during the Organ Historical Society&#39;s 2006 convention.</p><br>
<p>The Chicago Cultural Center, opened in 1897, is a Chicago Landmark building that houses the citys official reception venue where the Mayor of Chicago has welcomed Presidents and royalty, diplomats and community leaders. It is located in the Loop, across Michigan Avenue from Millennium Park. Originally the central library building, it was converted in 1977 to an arts and culture center at the instigation of Commissioner of Cultural Affairs Lois Weisberg. The citys central library is now housed across the Loop in the spacious, post-modernist Harold Washington Library Center opened in 1991.</p><br>
<p>As the nations first free municipal cultural center, the Chicago Cultural Center is one of the citys most popular attractions and is considered one of the most comprehensive arts showcases in the United States. Each year, the Chicago Cultural Center features more than 1,000 programs and exhibitions covering a wide range of the performing, visual and literary arts. It also serves as headquarters for the Chicago Children&#39;s Choir.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by Boston architectural firm Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge for the city&#39;s central library, and Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) meeting hall and memorial in 1892. The land was donated by the GAR and the building was completed in 1897 at a cost of nearly $2 million (equivalent to $ million in ). It is organized as a 4-story north wing (77 East Randolph entrance) and a 5-story south wing (78 East Washington entrance), 104 feet tall, with 3 ft masonry walls faced with Bedford Blue Limestone on a granite base, and designed in a generally neoclassical style with Italian Renaissance elements. It is capped with two stained-glass domes, set symmetrically atop the two wings. Key points of architectural interest are as follows:</p><br>
<p>Randolph Street entrance and stairway - Entrance with doric columns, mahogany doors, and entry hall with coffered ceiling and walls of green-veined Vermont marble. The curving stairway is faced with Knoxville pink marble, and features mosaics and ornate bronze balusters.</p><br>
<p>Washington Street entrance, lobby, and grand staircase - Arched portal, bronze-framed doors, and a 3-story, vaulted lobby with walls of white Carrara marble and mosaics. The staircase is also of white Carrara marble, set with medallions of green marble from Connemara, Ireland, and intricate mosaics of Favrile glass, stone, and mother of pearl. The stairway to the 5th floor was inspired by Venice&#39;s Bridge of Sighs.</p><br>
<p>Grand Army of the Republic Memorial - A large hall and rotunda in the north wing. The hall is faced with deep green Vermont marble, broken by a series of arches for windows and mahogany doors. The rotunda features 30-foot walls of Knoxville pink marble, mosaic floor, and a fine, stained-glass dome in Renaissance pattern by the firm of Healy and Millet.</p><br>
<p>Sidney R. Yates Gallery - replica of an assembly hall in the Doge&#39;s Palace, Venice, with heavily ornamented pilasters and coffered ceiling.</p><br>
<p>Preston Bradley Hall - A large, ornately patterned room of curving white Carrara marble, capped with an austere 38-foot Tiffany glass dome designed by artist J. A. Holtzer. The Cultural Center states this to be the largest Tiffany dome in the world.</p><br>
<h2>Past exhibitions</h2><br>
<p>Crossroads: Modernism in Ukraine, 1910-1930 was a display of art by Ukrainian artists, such as Sukher Ber Rybak, Vsevolod Maskymovych, and Oleksandr Bohomazov to name a few. Crossroads was organized by the Foundation for International Arts and Education with the National Art Museum of Ukraine. It is presented by the Chicago Department of Cultural Affairs and the Kyiv Committee of the Chicago Sister Cities International Program. The exhibition ran from July 22, 2006 - October 15, 2006.</p><br>
<p>Čiovo  is a small island located off the Adriatic coast in Croatia with an area of 28.8 km&sup2; ,</p><br>
<p>population of 5,908 inhabitants (2011) and its highest peak is 218 m (Rudine).</p><br>
<p>The centre of the island has geographical coordinates 43&deg;30&prime;N latitude, 16&deg;17&prime;E longitude, and the annual rainfall is about 900 mm.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Čiovo is located in central Dalmatia, protecting the city of Trogir and Kaštela gulf. On its SE part it is only two km distant from the cape Marjan, on its northern part it is connected to the mainland with a small bascule bridge in the old centre of Trogir, and actually Trogir spread itself onto the island. Besides the portion of Trogir, on the island there are several villages: Arbanija, Žedno, Okrug Gornji, Okrug Donji, Slatine and Prizidnica.</p><br>
<p>The vegetation is typically Mediterranean, consisting mainly in understory (holm oak, myrtle, wormwood, juniper etc.). On the northern side (exposed to the wind bura) are forests of pine and cypress. Major crops include olives, figs, almonds, vines and citrus fruit.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the Middle Ages, Čiovo had many villages and it was a place for lepers. Remains of the pre-Romanesque church of St. Peter have been found near Slatine, in the Supetar cove. The medieval church of St. Maurice (Sv. Mavro) has been preserved in Žedno and the pre-Romanesque church of Our Lady near the Sea (Gospa pokraj mora). The population of Čiovo increased in the 15th century through the settlement of refugees who fled from the Turks. Simultaneously, the suburban areas of Trogir also extended to Čiovo.</p><br>
<p>Seliger  is a lake in Ostashkovsky District of Tver Oblast and, in the extreme northern part, in Demyansky District of Novgorod Oblast of Russia, in the northwest of the Valdai Hills, a part of the Volga basin. It has the absolute height of 205 m, the area of 212 km&sup2, and the average depth of 5.8 m.</p><br>
<p>Lake Seliger is a large system of lakes linked by effluents, has many small islands and is surrounded by forests, including pine woods with many berries and mushrooms. It is one of the biggest natural lakes of Central Russia. The only outflow of the lake, the Selizharovka River, has its source at the southern end of the lake and drains into the Volga. The drainage basin of the lake includes the major part of Ostashkovsky District, south of Demyansky District, as well as minor areas in Firovsky District of Tver Oblast.</p><br>
<p>Seliger is situated within a picturesque landscape of forests and hills. The lake is a protected nature reserve and is sometimes known as the "European Baikal" due to the diversity of its unique flora and fauna, similar to Lake Baikal. Valdaysky National Park covers the northern part of the lake.</p><br>
<p>Every Year, Seliger camp forums bring together young people to study and discuss issues in political science, economics, art, literature and culture.</p><br>
<p>Ostashkov is the only town on the lake and is one of the most popular resorts in central Russia. Nilo-Stolobensky Monastery is located on Stolobny Island. The closed urban-type settlement of Solnechny which is a military base occupies Gorodomlya Island.</p><br>
<p>The South West Cape is a cape located at the south-west corner of Tasmania, Australia. The cape is situated in the south-western corner of the Southwest National Park, part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area, approximately 140 km southwest of Hobart in Tasmania, and about 65 km west and a little north of the South East Cape.</p><br>
<p>The cape is bound to the southeast and southwest by the Southern Ocean and is located south of Low Rocky Point and Point Hibbs.</p><br>
<p>The South West Cape Range provides a buffer between the cape and the inland wilderness area to the east and north, and the next range to the east is the Melaleuca Range.</p><br>
<p>The high point of the southern end of the range, closest to the cape is Mount Karamu at 439 m. The mount is named after the USS steam ship which foundered off the cape in 1925</p><br>
<p>Wrecks and foundering of boats up to 500 km away in distance, are usually referred to this cape as an identification point, and mapping of the area usually uses the cape as a boundary between sections of the coast.</p><br>
<p>Gabo Island is a 154 hectare island located off the coast of eastern Victoria, Australia, between Mallacoota and Cape Howe on the border with New South Wales.</p><br>
<p>It is separated from the mainland by a 500 m wide channel; access is available by arranged flights and boats. Gabo Island is a shipping reference commonly referred to in Victorian weather warnings issued by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology.</p><br>
<h2>Gabo Island Lighthouse</h2><br>
<p>Gabo Island is well known for its historic lighthouse. This lighthouse, Australias second tallest, was completed in 1862 and made from pink granite quarried from the island itself. The focal plane of the light is situated at 55 m above sea level, the characteristic is a group of three flashes that occurs every twenty seconds. A keepers house is occupied by a caretaker; another building may be rented for overnight stays.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<h2>Birds</h2><br>
<p>The island is home to the world&#39;s largest colony of little penguins.</p><br>
<p>Gabo, with the tiny associated islet of Tullaberga at its southern end, has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area because of the numbers of breeding penguins (up to 21,000 pairs) and white-faced storm petrels (up to 20,000 pairs).</p><br>
<p>Concern of predation of native birds and animals led to a successful feral cat eradication program on the island between 1987 and 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Kinnaur Kailash  is a mountain in the Kinnaur district of the Indian state Himachal Pradesh. The Kinnaur Kailash has a height of 4650 meters and is considered as sacred by both Hindu and Buddhist Kinnauris. This mountain is sometimes confused with the Mount Kailash in Tibet.</p><br>
<p>The Kinnaur Kailash Range borders the district of Kinnaur in the south and is dominated by the Kinnaur Kailash (elevation- 6050m) and Jorkanden (elevation- 6473m) peaks. Jorkanden is the highest peak in the Kinner-Kailash range; one can admire it comfortably from a bungalow at Kalpa. Often mistaken with Kinner Kailash (which is a smaller holy pillar to north of it). Jorkanden has been climbed by the I.T.B.P IN 1974 and by the IndianPara Regiment in 1978. The pass accessible on the trek is the Charang La at an altitude of 5300m.</p><br>
<p>It is one of the toughest treks in Himachal Pradesh.</p><br>
<h2>Trek</h2><br>
<p>The Kinnaur Kailash trek as done is up to the Shiv Lingam and is considered as a difficult one among the other pilgrim treks. The original trek is also known as "Kinnaur Kailash Parikrama". The parikrama starts from Tang Ling village and finally culminates in Sangla on the other side of mountain. But one other trek which is relatively small and easy also takes place from the Tang Ling village and back and reaches to the top of Shiv Lingam. The easier of the treks is around 8 to 10 kilometers one way with one night to be spent in the caves before starting the final climb to the Shiv Lingam. While the other trek is 32 kilometers long and takes a minimum of two days complete. The elevation of the Shiv Lingam is 4640 meters from sea level.</p><br>
<h2>Legend</h2><br>
<p>As per legend, this shrine existed since the time of Bhasmasur, the deadly Asur (demon) who received a boon from the deity Lord Shiva after great penance, which entailed that any person&#39;s head touched by him will be turned into ashes (bhasma). Upon receiving this gift, he tried to turn Lord Shiva into ashes as he wished to possess Parvati, which would only be possible upon his death. Lord Shiva stayed in hiding, changing locations often, and then finally came to Kinnaur Kailash. He resided here for some time meditating. Lord Vishnu eventually helped him to slay the Asur, appearing to him as a woman and getting him to place his hand upon his own head, thereby killing Bhasmasur.</p><br>
<p>The Edison and Ford Winter Estates contain a historical museum and 21 acre  botanical garden on the adjacent sites of the winter homes of Thomas Alva Edison and Henry Ford beside the Caloosahatchee River in southwestern Florida. It is located at 2350 McGregor Boulevard, Fort Myers, Florida, United States.</p><br>
<p>On April 18, 2012, the American Institute of Architects&#39; Florida Chapter placed the Edison and Ford Winter Estates on its list of Florida Architecture: 100 Years. 100 Places.</p><br>
<p>The American Chemical Society recognized the Edison Botanical Research Laboratory at the Edison & Ford Winter Estates as a National Historic Chemical Landmark on May 25, 2014.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The present site dates from 1885, when Edison first visited southwest Florida and purchased the property to build a vacation home. His home, completed in 1886 and later dubbed "Seminole Lodge", served as a winter retreat and place of relaxation until Edisons death in 1931. Edison’s good friend Henry Ford purchased the adjoining property, "The Mangoes" from Robert Smith of New York in 1916. Fords craftsman style bungalow was built in 1911 by Smith. In 1947, Mrs. Mina Edison deeded the Edison property to the City of Fort Myers in memory of her husband for the enjoyment of the public. It was opened for public tours soon after.</p><br>
<p>In 1988, the adjacent Henry Ford winter estate was purchased and opened for public tours in 1990. In 2003, the governance of the site was transferred from the City to a new non-profit corporation, Thomas Edison & Henry Ford Winter Estates, Inc. (dba Edison & Ford Winter Estates, Inc.) whose mission is to protect, preserve and interpret the site. The new corporation successfully completed a $14 million restoration project in the following years. A separate fundraising arm, Edison-Ford Winter Estates Foundation, Inc. was created to assist the restoration project with no function in governance, programming or development but rather to assist the governing board with the initial restoration.</p><br>
<h2>Gardens</h2><br>
<p>Edison&#39;s botanical garden contains more than a thousand varieties of plants from around the world, including African Sausage Trees and a 400 ft banyan tree planted in the mid-1920s.</p><br>
<p>The gardens feature plants grown for industrial purposes (such as bamboo, used in light bulb filaments) and those which Mina Edison planted for their beauty, including roses, orchids and bromeliads. The Moonlight garden was designed by Ellen Biddle Shipman.</p><br>
<p>At present the collections include: Acalypha hispida, Arenga pinnata, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Billbergia spp., Blighia sapida, Bougainvillea glabra, Bougainvillea spectabilis, Calliandra haematocephala, Cananga odorata, Cattleya hybrid, Cattleya spp., Chorisia speciosa, Citrus spp., Clerodendrum speciosissimum, Cordyline terminalis, Cycad spp., Dendrobium, Dombeya spp., Epidendrum ciliare, Ficus auriculata, Ficus benghalensis, Ficus saussureana, Hibiscus schizopetalus, Holmskioldia sanguinea, Ibosa riparia, Ixora chinensis, Kigelia africana, Leea coccinea, Malvaviscus arboreus, Musa spp., Parmentiera cereifera, Plumbago auriculata, Solandra nitida, Spathoglottis plicata, Tabernaemontana corymbosa, Tecoma stans, Thunbergia erecta, Tibouchina semidecandra, and hundreds more.</p><br>
<h2>Rubber Laboratory</h2><br>
<p>During the period of 1914-1918 (World War I), Edison became concerned with America&#39;s reliance on foreign supplies of rubber. He partnered with Harvey Firestone and his good friend Henry Ford to try to find a rubber tree or plant that could grow quickly in the United States and provide a domestic supply of rubber. In 1927, the three men contributed $25,000 each and created the Edison Botanic Research Corporation in an attempt to find a solution to this problem. In 1928, the Edison Botanic Research Corporation laboratory was constructed. It was in Fort Myers, Florida that Mr. Edison would do the majority of his research and planting of his exotic plants and trees.</p><br>
<p>After testing over 17,000 plant samples, Edison eventually discovered a source in the plant Goldenrod (Solidago leavenworthii). Thomas Edison died in 1931 and the rubber project was transferred to the United States Department of Agriculture five years later.</p><br>
<h2>Visitors</h2><br>
<p>Visitors to the Edison & Ford Winter Estates in Fort Myers will view more than 20 acres of historical buildings and gardens including the 1928 Botanical Laboratory and the Edison Ford Museum. There are also a variety of programs, tours and activities.</p><br>
<p>In addition to tours and visitor activities, Edison Ford also offers school and education tours for all ages, an extensive summer camp program, home school, emerging inventors programs for toddlers as well as travel and offsite tour opportunities. Other specialty programs include Holiday Nights (rated one of the nation’s top 10 Holiday Events), Antique Car Shows, Garden Talks and a wide variety of special events throughout the year. The site can be reserved for events, weddings, corporate functions, meetings and group tours.</p><br>
<p>Edison Ford Winter Estates is a National Register Historic Site and received the Award of Excellence for restoration from both the National Trust for Historic Preservation and the National Garden Clubs, Inc. The site is a Florida Historic Landmark and has been designated as a National Historical Chemical Landmark by the American Chemical Society, the first site in the state of Florida to receive this honor.</p><br>
<p>The Edison and Ford Winter Estates research library and archival materials are also available for viewing with appointment. The research library contains over a thousand books on Fort Myers history, botany, as well as biographies on Thomas Edison and Henry Ford and their families.</p><br>
<p>Open to the public since 1947, Edison Ford Winter Estates is one of the most visited historic home sites in America. Designated as an educational and charitable not-for-profit organization, Edison Ford is governed by a Board of Trustees, professional staff and a large volunteer group.</p><br>
<p>Blackstone Lake, in The Archipelago of the Parry Sound district in Ontario, Canada, is primarily a small, boat-access lake containing nine islands. The lake is approximately three and a half miles long and a little over two miles wide, when the northwestern and southeastern bays are included.</p><br>
<p>A large portion of the land surrounding the lake, as well as the lake&#39;s beautiful islands, are privately owned, although a good section of the western lake property along the lower edge of the lake has been established as part of a preservation trust and will remain uninhabited. Strict water-vessel enforcement keeps the water potable, and water quality assessments are conducted several times each year. Avid canoers can travel through the river, traverse Crane Lake, and reach the open waters of the Georgian Bay about nine miles later.</p><br>
<p>Blue Spring Heritage Center  is a 33 acre privately owned tourist attraction in the Arkansas Heritage Trails System containing native plants and hardwood trees in a setting of woodlands, meadows, and hillsides. It is located at Highway 62 West, five miles  west of Eureka Springs, Arkansas, and open daily to the public during warmer months for a fee.</p><br>
<p>The spring pours 38 million US gallons (140,000 m³) of water daily into the trout-filled lagoon. Blue Spring has been a tourist attraction since 1948, and is now on the National Register of Historic Places for its archaeological significance as a site occupied between the Early Archaic and the Mississippian periods.</p><br>
<p>Historians from several Indian nations, including the Tsalagi (Cherokee), Osage and Quapaw, say their people have been making journeys to, and living intermittently at Blue Spring for tens of thousands of years. Artifacts excavated at the Blue Spring Shelter support this, as they date back to between 8000 B.C. and A.D. 1500.</p><br>
<h2>Blue Spring Shelter</h2><br>
<p>The American Indian people who lived here in ancient times (10,000 years ago and beyond to 500 B.C.) are known as the ‘Bluff Dwellers’. These indigenous people populated not only the Blue Spring area, but much of the Ozark Mountains. They lived beneath giant bluff shelters such as this one. As most human beings of their time, they hunted, gathered, and planted. Tools, clothes and many other necessary items were made from many native plants and animals available to them. They also traded goods with other Indian nations.</p><br>
<p>Indigenous people who lived here between 500 B.C. and A.D. 900 continued to hunt, gather, plant and trade, though planting gardens had become a more prominent activity. With over 62% of the world’s food having been developed by American Indians, it is no surprise that the Indians of the Ozarks domesticated maygrass, lamb’s quarter, knotweek, sumpweek, sunflower, squash, and strains of little barley. The bottomlands and terraces of the White River provided fertile garden spots for the indigenous occupants of the Blue Spring Shelter.</p><br>
<p>From A.D. 900 to A.D. 1541, agriculture had become an integral part of many Indian communities in the Ozarks and Arkansas area. They depended mostly on maize, squash and beans. As always, hunting, gathering and trading remained an important part of society. The Blue Spring Shelter continued to be used by Indian people for short and long term camps, and for ceremony.</p><br>
<p>In recent history (1541 to present), Tsalagi (Cherokee) people made a stop at Blue Spring on the “Trail of Tears” during the late 1830s. Indian people continue to spend time at Blue Spring and Blue Spring Shelter. Today, visits and ceremonies by Indian people such as Lenape, Musogee, Cherokee, and Lakota take place at the Blue Spring Shelter regularly. It remains a place of peace, healing, and connection.</p><br>
<p>Rollins Pass, elevation 11,660 ft, is a mountain pass in the Rocky Mountains of north-central Colorado in the United States. The pass is located on and traverses the continental divide at the crest of the Front Range southwest of Boulder, and is at the boundaries of Grand, Gilpin, and Boulder counties. The pass provides a route over the Continental Divide between the Atlantic Ocean watershed of South Boulder Creek  with the Pacific Ocean watershed of the Fraser River, a tributary of the Colorado River.</p><br>
<p>Rollins Pass was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Rollins Pass (also known as Corona Pass) sits approximately five miles east and opposite the popular ski area in Winter Park, and is in the general location between Winter Park and Rollinsville. The Boulder Wagon Road (BWR), which predates the rail route, employed much of what would later become Rollins Pass. The pass is traversed by two unpaved roads, mostly the former roadbed of the Denver, Northwestern, and Pacific Railway, that later became the Denver and Salt Lake Railway. This high altitude or hill route railroad was known as the Moffat Road and this route was replaced (and subsequently abandoned) by the opening of the Moffat Tunnel in 1928; subsequent to the opening of the new route, the rails and ties were removed in 1935.</p><br>
<p>The majority of the route of the Moffat Road is open, except for a long, deteriorated trestle (Riflesight Notch trestle) just east of the pass, and sections leading to the Needles Eye Tunnel, a short high altitude railroad tunnel which was closed in 1990 after a rock fell from the ceiling injuring a Denver firefighter resulting in a below-knee amputation. Since then, the tunnel was sealed by Boulder County and the United States Forest Service. The original Boulder Wagon Road (BWR) also goes over Rollins Pass yet bypasses the Needles Eye Tunnel (as it had not yet been constructed) by taking a steep route encircling Yankee Doodle Lake counterclockwise before continuing to head west/northwest to proceed over the summit and down into the Middle Park valley. The BWR is a four-wheel-drive road not suited to lower clearance two-wheel-drive vehicles, and in some areas a winch can be helpful. Although open prior to 2008 and in good condition, this road remains to this day a subject of much controversy. In 2002 the James Peak Wilderness and Protection Area Bill (a.k.a. Public Law 107-216) was passed by Congress and signed into law by President George W. Bush. The Bill specifically created a narrow road corridor between the Indian Peaks and James Peaks Wilderness areas and states that if any of the affected counties (Grand, Gilpin or Boulder) request, the Secretary of the USDA will cooperate and assist with the repair of the Rollins Pass Road and until that time the attendant road (the BWR) will remain open to motorized use. Boulder County officials and the USFS-Boulder Ranger District have resisted the wording of the law and have closed the BWR. Both Grand and Gilpin Counties have made numerous written requests to the Secretary for the repair of Rollins Pass Road but to date there has been no repair of the road or the barricaded Needle&#39;s Eye Tunnel. The reopening of the BWR, and/or repair of the Rollins Pass Road, and even the facts surrounding the 1990 accident in the tunnel, have become contentious and ongoing issues.</p><br>
<p>Rollins Pass is a popular recreational location for its spectacular views, wildflowers, hiking, and photography during the summer months. The road up to the pass on the western side from Winter Park is in fair condition starting from USA Highway 40 in Winter Park, and can be traveled by regular 2WD (although 4WD high-clearance vehicles fare better) automobile in the summer in good weather, or by snowmobile in the winter. Official snowmobile tours (on the western, Winter Park side) follow much of the summer road from Arrow and terminate shortly after Sunnyside (located further uphill and past the Riflesight Notch trestle). However, the tour does not go higher than Ptarmigan Point and does not reach the summit in the winter. While Rollins Pass is open for vehicular summer traffic from June 15 through November 15 each year, its generally not possible given average snowfall amounts to drive higher than Ptarmigan Point on the western side and Yankee Doodle Lake on the eastern side before early-mid July. Winter snows make reaching these points impossible after early October. There are no facilities (neither water nor restrooms) on either side of the pass. Since usage of Rollins Pass is currently classified as heavy&#39; by the United States Forest Service, parking can be limited at designated parking sites.</p><br>
<p>The only access to the actual Rollins Pass from the east is via the disputed 4WD BWR due to the tunnel closure. From the Peak-to-Peak Highway (State Highway 119) at Rollinsville East Portal Road runs west, parallel to South Boulder Creek and the current Union Pacific Railroad tracks, to the entrance to the Moffat Tunnel at East Portal, and then rises on the abandoned railroad grade via the Moffat Road to the closed Needles Eye Tunnel. From Rollinsville to East Portal, the road is an all-weather gravel road, with some chattery washboard sections, which can be traveled by regular automobiles. However, beyond East Portal (at the formal start of Rollins Pass road) the road becomes very rough due to lack of maintenance (see photograph below of road damage). Although not steep or loose, it is recommended that a high clearance 4WD vehicle be used. This section of road is open to just beyond Jenny Lake where there is a concrete barricade approximately one half mile before the Needles Eye Tunnel. The road is open for hiking beyond the barricade to the entrance of the closed tunnel, and a rough trail continues above the tunnel for those on foot to bypass the closure.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Rollins Pass as a prehistoric Native American hunting ground</h3><br>
<p>Native Americans were the first to utilize Rollins Pass as a natural, low crossing over the Continental Divide for the purposes of communal hunting of large game, including big-horn sheep and elk. There are more than 96 documented game drives, including the Olson Game Drive, found largely above timberline and near the summits of multiple mountain ridges. Handmade rock walls drove prey towards hunters waiting in blinds. These unique high-altitude constructs were built, refined, and continually used over millennia. Currently the game drives are being studied by Colorado State University archaeology graduate students led by Dr. Jason M. LaBelle, associate professor, Department of Anthropology, Center for Mountain and Plains Archaeology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins.</p><br>
<h4>The Olson Game Drive</h4><br>
<p>The Olson site (5BL147) is a multi-component rock walled game drive and is but one part of a much larger game drive complex located on Rollins Pass. Byron Olson and James Benedict conducted work at the site in the late 1960s. Present-day archaeology teams built on Olson and Benedict&#39;s work to expand the overview of the site using modern techniques. As of 2013, at least 45 blinds as well as 1,307 meters of rock walls are present across the Olson site; the purposes of which were to funnel game upslope to waiting hunters. Both radiocarbon and lichenometric dating suggest occupation by Native Americans spanning the last 3200 years, with diagnostic tools suggesting even older use of the site.</p><br>
<h3>Rollins Pass as a toll wagon road</h3><br>
<p>The first recorded use of the pass by a wagon train was in 1862. It is named for John Quincy Adams Rollins, who constructed a toll wagon road over the pass in the 1870s, providing a route between the Colorado Front Range and Middle Park. The pass was used heavily in the late 19th century by settlers to drive cattle over the continental divide to Middle Park, and at one time as many as 12,000 cattle at a time were driven over the pass.</p><br>
<h3>Rollins Pass as a railroad line</h3><br>
<p>In the early 20th century, David Moffat, a Denver banker, established the Denver, Northwestern and Pacific Railway with the intention of building a railroad over the Front Range in the vicinity of the pass. The line was known as the Moffat Road, ran 23 miles over the pass, with a 4% grade along many stretches, and was one of the highest adhesion (non-cog) railroads ever constructed in North America. Along this route is the closed Needles Eye Tunnel (not to be confused with lower and longer Moffat Tunnel constructed some 30 years later). Other notable landmarks on the route included Riflesight Notch, a one-and-one-half mile loop where trains crossed over a trestle, performed ~90 degree gradual turn to descend 150 feet, and passed through a tunnel underneath the trestle. A small rail stop called Corona was established as a station at the top of the pass, with a restaurant and lodging, which allowed workers to help keep the rail line free of snow in the winter. Despite the fact that the line was enclosed in almost continuous snow sheds near the top of the pass, trains were often stranded for several days (and in some cases for up to 30 days) during heavy winter snowstorms because the snow could fall through the wood planking of the sheds. Coal smoke and toxic gasses collected in the snow sheds causing temporary blindness, loss of consciousness, and sometimes death. Workers on the Moffat Road had an adage: "Theres winter and then there&#39;s August." It was these heavy snowstorms that led to the financial demise of the Moffat Road and served as the incentive for construction of a permanent railroad tunnel through the Rocky Mountains. Because the Rollins Pass route was intended to be temporary, it was constructed as cheaply as possible: using high trestles, 4% grades and switchbacks instead of high fills, iron bridges, and tunnels. Because of the high-altitude nature of the route, the route utilized wyes instead of turntables to turn locomotives around.</p><br>
<p>Numerous wrecks of Mallet locomotives and/or the loss of portions of rail manifests occurred on both sides of the pass:</p><br>
<p>Mallet #201: On a curve just above Antelope; East side</p><br>
<p>Mallet #208: The Loop, near Riflesight Notch; West side</p><br>
<p>Mallet #210: The Loop, near Riflesight Notch; West side</p><br>
<p>Much of the right-of-way is still intact, although some of the trestles have collapsed or have been destroyed (such as trestle #72.83 on the West side). A small wye on the passing siding at the eastern portal of the Moffat Tunnel marks the spot where the Rollins Pass line would have merged into the modern route if it still existed. This rail is currently utilized for short-turning some modern services.</p><br>
<p>The first attempt to tunnel under Rollins Pass met with both engineering and financial failure, and its remains can still be seen on the northern slope of the rock wall at Yankee Doodle Lake. The detritus from the attempted excavation of the tunnel was placed at the northernmost part of the lake where a visible bump or bulge of pulverized granite can be seen rising out of the water. The second attempt, to build a longer tunnel at a lower elevation and what would become Moffat Tunnel was better planned and financed. Although Moffat did not live to see his tunnel completed, his enterprise was continued under a different name, and the Moffat Tunnel opened just south of the pass on February 26, 1928. The new tunnel route became part of the mainline across Colorado of the Denver and Salt Lake Railroad, later the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad, and now the Union Pacific Railroad. The Moffat Tunnel continues to serve as the route for the Amtrak California Zephyr between Chicago, Illinois and Emeryville, California, and until summer 2009, for Ski Train passengers between Denver and Winter Park. Denver to Winter Park service was restarted in February 2017.</p><br>
<p>The tracks over Rollins Pass were not immediately dismantled after the Moffat Tunnel opened. In fact, they had to remain usable as an emergency route. It was used as such in July 1928 when several wooden planks inside the Moffat Tunnel collapsed. Permission to dismantle the rails on Rollins Pass was not granted by the ICC until 1935. Sometime in the seven years between when the line was abandoned and when the tracks were removed, a mysterious fire destroyed several snow sheds near the summit as well as the hotel at Corona Station.</p><br>
<h2>Environment</h2><br>
<h3>Flora</h3><br>
<p>Rollins Pass consists of several distinct floral environments including lodgepole pine and quaking aspen at lower elevations, and krummholz at tree line. Above tree line, the landscape consists largely of small perennial flowers, cryptobiotic soils, and alpine tundra. The latter being extremely fragile and if damaged, can take hundreds of years to recover. Leaving the trail can cause erosion, land degradation, possible species extinction, and habitat destruction and it is for these reasons ORVs are not allowed to leave the established road.</p><br>
<h3>Fauna</h3><br>
<p>The top predator in the area are black bears (Ursus americanus), generally below timberline; however, they occasionally venture above the krummholz. The bears prey on bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) and mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus), as well as yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris) in the region. Above timberline, pikas (Ochotona princeps) are common. Below timberline, both elk (Cervus canadensis) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) are common. The presence of migratory bighorn sheep and other large game is the reason why the Native Americans constructed the large and complex game drives on Rollins Pass.</p><br>
<p>Among birds, the white-tailed ptarmigan (Lagopus leucurus) are present on Rollins Pass, especially above treeline. Their camouflage is effective against the exposed blocks of granite rendering them virtually invisible to the eye. Brown-capped rosy finches (Leucosticte australis), rock wrens (Salpinctes obsoletus), and pipits are also seen or heard at timberline and near the summit.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Due to high-elevation above timberline in a backcountry setting, there is neither lightning protection nor lightning mitigation from sudden thunderstorms resulting in a high-risk, extremely dangerous situation for visitors.</p><br>
<p>While temperature, humidity, and other factors influence atmospheric pressure, the atmospheric pressure on the summit measures roughly 457 Torr (mmHg); while a standard atmospheric pressure measured at sea level is 760 Torr. At this pressure, many people, especially out-of-town sightseers and tourists, can suffer from rapid dehydration and altitude sickness, also known as acute mountain sickness. Acute mountain sickness can progress to high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) or high altitude cerebral edema (HACE), which are potentially fatal.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Front Range was created by the Laramide Orogeny, the last of three major mountain-building events, which occurred between 70 and 40 million years ago. Tectonic activity during the Cenozoic Era changed the Ancestral Rocky Mountains via block uplift, eventually forming the Rocky Mountains as they exist today. The geologic make-up of Rollins Pass and the surrounding areas were also affected by deformation and erosion during the Cenozoic Era. Many sedimentary rocks from the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras exist in the basins surrounding the pass.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<h3>Rollins Pass as a scenic dirt road</h3><br>
<p>From 1955-1979, Rollins Pass served as a complete road over the mountain pass for automobiles until a rock fall in Needles Eye tunnel in 1979 closed the path over the pass. In 1989, after several studies and structural strengthening of Needles Eye was accomplished, the complete road was re-opened only to close permanently in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>Some ski runs (and one chairlift) at the nearby Winter Park Resort on the mountain of Mary Jane are named after features on Rollins Pass or are named after general railroad terminology: Trestle, Derailer, Rainbow Cut, Sidetrack, Brakeman, Roundhouse, Phantom Bridge, Sunnyside.</p><br>
<p>Winter Park Resort&#39;s summer downhill mountain bike park is called Trestle</p><br>
<h2>Recent events</h2><br>
<p>On July 30, 2006, a single engine airplane on its way to Boulder crashed on Rollins Pass. The two occupants of the 1969 Citabria 7KCAB were killed on impact.</p><br>
<p>Mount Tsurugi, meaning sword, is a 1,954.7 m mountain on the border of Miyoshi, Mima and Naka in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. This mountain is one of the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains.</p><br>
<h2>Outline</h2><br>
<p>Mount Tsurugi is the second highest mountain on the island of Shikoku, and also the second highest mountain west of Mount Haku, which is on the border of Ishikawa and Gifu prefectures in central Japan.</p><br>
<p>Mount Tsurugi is an important object of worship in this region and one of the centers of Shugendō, a sect of mixture of Shintoism and Buddhism. On the top of the mountain, there is a small shrine called ‘Tsurugi Jinja’.</p><br>
<p>The area around Mount Tsurugi is a major part of Tsurugi Quasi-National Park.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Mount Tsurugi has an altitude-affected humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb) with mild summers and cold winters.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The main trailhead, along with parking lots, shops and restaurants, is located at Minokoshi, at the intersection of national routes 438 and 439. From Minokoshi, climbers may also ride a chairlift to a higher point on the trail.</p><br>
<p>Trails link the summit of Mount Tsurugi to neighboring mountains. Tsurugi can be reached from the east via Ichinomori, while an extensive network of trails to the west allows access from mountains such as Jirogyu, Miune, and Tengu-zuka.</p><br>
<p>Qiandao Lake , a human-made lake located in Chunan County, Zhejiang Province, China, was formed after the completion of the Xinan River hydroelectric station in 1959.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>1,078 large islands dot the lake and a few thousand smaller ones are scattered across it. Over 90% of the area is forested. The islands in the lake include Bird Island, Snake Island, Monkey Island, Lock Island (featuring supposedly the world&#39;s biggest lock), and the Island to Remind You of Your Childhood. The lake covers an area of 573 km&sup2; and has a storage capacity of 17.8 km3. The islands in the lake cover about 86 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The valley was flooded in 1959 to create the lake for the Xin&#39;an River Dam project.</p><br>
<p>At the foot of Wushi Mountain (五狮山, "Five Lion Mountain") lies an ancient city known as Shicheng (狮城, "Lion City"). It was built during the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25–200) and was first set up as a county in AD 208. This city acquired the name Shicheng from nearby Wushi Mountain, which became known as Wushi Island since it became partially submerged by the reservoir. At present Shicheng remains submerged and undisturbed at a depth of 26 -, it has been explored by Big Blue, a dive operator based in Shanghai.</p><br>
<p>In 1994, in an event since named the Qiandao Lake Incident, three hijackers boarded a boat full of tourists and set it on fire, killing all 32 passengers on board. The passengers were mainly tourists from Taiwan.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, a Chinese-Italian consortium began planning the construction of a prototype of a submerged floating tunnel across the lake. The bridge is expected to span 100 m, as a proof of concept for larger bridges.</p><br>
<h2>Dam</h2><br>
<p>The dam creating the lake is located at 29&deg;29&prime;01&Prime;N latitude, 119&deg;12&prime;48&Prime;E longitude and is 105 m tall with a crest length of 466.5 m. Xin&#39;an Dam was the first dam constructed in China with a height greater than 100 m and its power plant has an installed capacity of 845 MW.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>Companies take advantage of the pristine quality of the water and environment for aquaculture and water branding. Qiandao Lake is used to produce the Nongfu Spring brand of mineral water. Kaluga Queen produces much of the world&#39;s caviar through raising sturgeon in pens at the lake.</p><br>
<p>The lake has made Zhejiang a popular area for tourists. As a result, housing development has increased in the area since the late 1990s.</p><br>
<h2>Transport</h2><br>
<p>An expressway links Hangzhou, Qiandao Lake, and Huangshan in Anhui. Every half an hour buses leave from West Hangzhou bus station to that connect Qiandao Lake.</p><br>
<p>A railway development project to the area ceased as it was considered damaging to the "natural" sights of Qiandao Lake.</p><br>
<p>The Gongola River is in northeastern Nigeria, the principal tributary of the Benue River.</p><br>
<p>The upper course of the river as well as most of its tributaries are seasonal streams, but fill rapidly in August and September.</p><br>
<p>The Gongola rises on the eastern slopes of the Jos Plateau and falls to the Gongola Basin, running northeasterly until Nafada. At one time, the Gongola continued from here in the northeast direction to Lake Chad.</p><br>
<p>Today it turns south and then southeast until it joins the Hawal River, its main tributary.</p><br>
<p>The Gongola then runs south to the Benue river, joining it opposite the town of Numan.</p><br>
<p>The lower reaches of the river are impounded by the Dadin Kowa Dam near Gombe, and lower down by the Kiri Dam. After the Kiri dam was constructed, downstream flood peaks dropped from 1,420 m3/s to 1,256 m3/s, while flows in dryer seasons increased from 5.7 m3/s to 21 m3/s.</p><br>
<p>The river downstream from the dam also narrowed and became less winding, with fewer separate channels.</p><br>
<p>Baker Lake  is a lake in the Kivalliq Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is fed by the Thelon River from the west and the Kazan River from the south. Its outflows into Chesterfield Inlet. The lake is approximately 1,887 km&sup2; in size. It has several named bays, and a few islands.</p><br>
<p>In 1762 William Christopher reached Baker Lake via Chesterfield Inlet. The Inuit hamlet of Baker Lake is situated at the west end of the lake near the mouth of the Thelon River. Although the Inuit had been in the area for some time, the first outside presence was the Royal Canadian Mounted Police post at the east end of the lake in 1915. This was followed in 1916 by the Hudson&#39;s Bay Company post set up at the Kazan River delta until 1930 when it moved to the present location.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>The lakes area is home to Beverly and Qamanirjuaq Caribou herds, as well as other wildlife associated with northern Canadas Arctic.</p><br>
<p>The Forest of Marston Vale is an evolving community forest in Marston Vale, which runs south west from the towns of Bedford and Kempston in Bedfordshire, England towards the M1 motorway. It is operated by a registered charity called the Forest of Marston Vale Trust.</p><br>
<p>The vale is traditionally a brickmaking area, but brickmaking industry has been running down since the 1970s. It has left a large amount of spoiled countryside containing several large empty pits some of which have now been converted into lakes. The Forest of Marston Vale is one of twelve of community forest projects in the United Kingdom. It was initiated by the Countryside Agency and the Forestry Commission, in partnership with Bedfordshire County Council, Mid Bedfordshire District Council, and Bedford Borough Council. The total area covered is 61 square miles (158 km), but most of this land is in private ownership. There are incentives for landowners to plant trees, and the target for community forests in general is to reach 30% tree cover.</p><br>
<p>The principal public open space in the Forest is Marston Vale is the Millennium Country Park which covers 2.5 km (1 mile) and was opened in 2000. The park features several lakes including the large Stewartby Lake and extensive wetlands. There is a visitor centre called the Forest Centre, which has a Lakeside Cafe, shop, toilets and bike rental. According to the official website the park attracts around a quarter of a million visitors a year. There are plans to create a larger park of over 3 square miles to the east of Bedford, which will be called.</p><br>
<p>Sharyn Canyon  is a canyon on the Sharyn River in Kazakhstan, 200 km east of Almaty, close to the Chinese border. The canyon is 80 or in length. It is within the Sharyn River valley and is part of the Charyn National Park, which was established on 23 February 2004, and is located within the territory of the Uygur District, Raiymbek District and Enbekshikazakh District of the Almaty Province. Over several millennia of weathering action, the canyon has gained colorful formations of varying shapes and sizes. Though it is much smaller than the Grand Canyon, it has been described as being equally impressive.</p><br>
<p>One part of the canyon is known as Valley of Castles (Dolina Zamkov) for its unusual rock formations, and its length is 3 km with a depth of 100 m.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Some scholars think that the name of the river is derived from the Uyghur word Sharyn meaning "ash tree". There is also another interpretation that it is a derivative of the Turkic root word Char, which means a "precipice". Both these interpretations fit the site conditions where the terrain is precipitous, and ash trees are found.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>The canyon formation is along the banks of the fast flowing Charyn River in a northern flow stretch of about 80 km (90 km is also stated) which is a tributary of the Ili River; the river has a total length of 393 km.) that is spread over the arid semi-desert to the east of Almaty. In parts, it attains a depth of 150 to 300 m. The geological formation of the canyon is of sedimentary red sandstone which have been subject to the "atmogenic process" (defined in Websters dictionary as "atmospheric origin by condensation, wind action, or deposition from volcanic vapors") of water and wind erosion resulting in "weird and colourful formations" in the form of sculptures.</p><br>
<p>Access to the canyon is from Almaty on the main road towards east which passes through small villages called Chilik, Baiseit, and Kokpek, at a distance of about 190 km. From here, a signposted road leads to the parking area of the canyon over a distance of 9 km, and passes through the Sharyn (or Charyn) National Park. From the parking area a track leads to the canyon. Another path from the park, which is 1 km in length, leads to an area where views of the canyon are more scenic. Adventure sports activities in the river are white-water rafting and canoeing. Fishing is done on the river for the local species of fish called "Naked Osman". Further downstream of the canyon is a dry zone of the gorge called the Red canyon or "Valley of Castles" which stretches over a length of about a km and has a depth of about 100 m. There is a track at the vale of this gorge which has naturally sculpted red stone formations.</p><br>
<p>About 20 km away from the canyon is the remnant of a relic forest. This forest, under the umbrage of the canyon. is known as the "Sogdian ash" (Ash Tree), a tree which is said to be a derivative from the Ice age, and is one of the forest formations which is unique in the world. It was declared a protected reserve in 1964. It is now integrated with the Charyn National Park. Apart from the Ash Tree, other species of trees reported from this forest are willow, poplar, and barberry. This area can be accessed from another road from Almaty which passes through Kokpek, Shonzy and Zharkent.</p><br>
<p>The Chanin Building is a brick and terra-cotta skyscraper located at 122 East 42nd Street, at the corner of Lexington Avenue, in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Built by Irwin S. Chanin in 1927–1929, it is 56 stories high, reaching 197.8 m excluding the spire and 207.3 m including it. It was designed by Sloan & Robertson in the Art Deco style, with the assistance of Chanin&#39;s own architect Jacques Delamarre, and it incorporates architectural sculpture by Rene Paul Chambellan.</p><br>
<p>The building was designated a New York City landmark in 1978, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The base of the building boasts black Belgian marble around the store fronts with a bronze frieze directly above depicting scenes of evolution. A second terra-cotta frieze runs the whole length of the lower facade, presenting a dramatic collection of angular zigzags and curvy leaves. The tower rises 22 stories and then thins into a series of setbacks, reaching a total of 56 floors. The top of the building is a series of buttresses that are illuminated from the inside at night, lighting up the recesses in the crown.</p><br>
<p>In the lobbies, which originally served as a "palatial" bus terminal and which still connect to the Grand Central subway station, eight bronze reliefs designed by Rene Paul Chambellan perch above ornate bronze radiator grilles. The bronze ornamentation continues in the waves on the floor, mailboxes, and elevator doors extending the general Art Deco style from the outside in. When originally completed, the 50th floor had a silver-and-black high-brow movie theater. This floor and the 51st are now offices joined by a stairwell instead. Initially a dominant landmark in the midtown skyline, the building had an open-air observatory on the 54th floor. Having been surpassed in height by a number of buildings, most notably the Chrysler Building located across the street, the observatory has been long closed. The self-supporting tower atop the building was the original transmission site for WQXR-FM from 1941 to 1965, when it moved to the Empire State Building.</p><br>
<h2>Notable tenants</h2><br>
<p>Apple Bank for Savings</p><br>
<p>International Rescue Committee</p><br>
<p>The Memorial Union is located on the shore of Lake Mendota on the campus of the University of Wisconsin–Madison in Madison, Wisconsin. On the lakeshore to the north of the building is the Terrace, a popular outdoor space overlooking Lake Mendota. It has gained a reputation as one of the most beautiful student centers on a university campus.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The exterior of the main wing was designed by University Architect Arthur Peabody. Opened October 5, 1928, the facility is operated by the Wisconsin Union, a membership organization. Porter Butts, the first director, called it a "college union" because it combines the characteristics of a student union ("student activity center" in other countries) and a student government ("students&#39; union" in other countries) in an organization that brings together students, faculty, and members of the surrounding community.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 19, 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Facility</h2><br>
<p>Outside the main building is the Memorial Union Terrace, a stone outdoor dining and recreation area on the shore of Lake Mendota. The Terrace was designed by Peabody&#39;s daughter, Charlotte. It is a popular spot among students and local residents for socializing because of the backdrop of the lake, with its view of sailboats, and the sound of live music, usually free to the public in the evening. The Wisconsin Union Directorate funds music on the Terrace four nights a week in the summer, and on the Terrace or in der Rathskeller on weekends during the school year (depending on weather).</p><br>
<p>Within the Union are rooms and artworks reflecting the local heritage. The largest is Der Rathskeller, a German-style beerhall with elaborate murals, where political debates and card or board games are common among students over a beer. The Rathskeller directly connects the ground floor to the Terrace outside. Also on the ground floor are the Paul Bunyan Room and cafeterias. Upstairs are the Beefeater Room and the Old Madison Room. The west wing of the Union houses the Wisconsin Union Theater.</p><br>
<p>The Daily Scoop sells Babcock ice cream made at the University. Peet&#39;s Coffee Shop is a privately managed operation that serves coffee and pastries. The Essentials desk acts as information and referral resource, as well as a small retail shop offering bus tickets, Eurail passes, newspapers, apparel, and snacks. Memorial Union houses several restaurants and cafeterias. A catering department serves conferences, events for the university, and weddings of Union members, and the annual Tudor Dinners.</p><br>
<p>The Memorial Union is currently (2016) undergoing extensive renovation but remains open during the renovation with certain areas and entrances closed to the public.</p><br>
<p>In 2017, the 1.3-acre Alumni Park opened. The park is an art gallery and museum and displaying the accomplishments of Badgers throughout the 17 decades of the university.</p><br>
<p>The Hoofers, an activity group headquartered in the Union, offer activities on Lake Mendota and other outdoor sites.</p><br>
<h2>Image gallery</h2><br>
<p>Rømø  is a Danish island in the Wadden Sea. Rømø is part of Tønder municipality. The island has 650 inhabitants as of 1 January 2011 and covers an area of 129 km².</p><br>
<p>Rømø is now the southernmost of Denmark&#39;s Wadden Sea Islands (the previous being the small uninhabited island of Jordsand which sank in 1999).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>From 1864 until 1920, Rømø belonged to Germany as part of the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>It is linked to the Danish mainland by a road running across a causeway, and the island lies about 3 km from the neighbouring German island Sylt, to which it is connected by ferry. It is home to a number of small communities such as Kongsmark, Østerby, Lakolk, and Sønderstrand.</p><br>
<h3>St Clement's Church</h3><br>
<p>Is the main church in the island. In the 19th century, the church allowed people to buy name plates for the church benches. Here the name of H.P.P. Møller, grandfather of the founder of the famous Danish Maersk shipping company, can still be seen on one of the front benches.</p><br>
<h3>Kommandørgård Museum</h3><br>
<p>The museum contains artefacts from the whaling industry including a whale skeleton. The house is from 1770 and the barn and stable are from 1744. From 1784 to 1874 part of the manor was a school. "Kommandør" (commander) is an older term for a captain of a Whaler.</p><br>
<h3>Ferry to Sylt</h3><br>
<p>The car ferry to the neighbouring (German) island of Sylt is operated by Syltferry. It runs about every two hours and takes about 35 minutes.</p><br>
<h3>The beach</h3><br>
<p>You can drive your car legally onto the beach. On the southern beach you can go kitebuggying - using a small vehicle pulled at high speed pulled by a large, wind-blown kite. On the first weekend on September, one of the biggest kite festivals of Europe is held on Rømø. Rømø is a popular spot for tourists attracted by the nudist beaches.</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>Peter Mærsk Møller (1836 in Rømø – 1927) was a sea captain who perhaps is best known as the father of Arnold Peter Møller, founder of the Maersk corporation,</p><br>
<p>The B Reactor at the Hanford Site, near Richland, Washington, was the first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built. The project was commissioned to produce plutonium-239 by neutron activation as part of the Manhattan Project, the United States nuclear weapons development program during World War II. The B reactor was fueled with metallic natural uranium, graphite moderated, and water-cooled. It has been designated a USA National Historic Landmark since August 19, 2008 and in July 2011 the National Park Service recommended that the B Reactor be included in the Manhattan Project National Historical Park commemorating the Manhattan Project. Visitors can take a tour of the reactor by advance reservation.</p><br>
<h2>Reactor design and construction</h2><br>
<p>The reactor was designed and built by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company based on experimental designs tested by Enrico Fermi at the University of Chicago, and tests from the X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. It was designed to operate at 250 megawatts (thermal).</p><br>
<p>The reactor occupies a footprint of 46 by (about 1,750 ft&sup2; and is 41 ft tall, occupying a volume of 71,500 cuft. The reactor core itself consisted of a 36 ft graphite box measuring 28 by occupying a volume of 36,288 cuft and weighing 1,200 ST. It was penetrated horizontally through its entire length by 2,004 aluminum tubes and vertically by channels for the vertical safety rods.</p><br>
<p>The core is surrounded by a thermal shield of cast iron 8 to 10 in thick weighing 1,000 ST. Masonite and steel plates enclose the thermal shield on its top and sides, forming a biological shield for radiation protection. The bottom of the thermal shield is supported by a 23 ft concrete pad topped by cast-iron blocks. The graphite composition was selected to moderate the nuclear reaction fueled by 200 ST of uranium slugs approximately 25 mm diameter 70 mm long (the approximate size of a roll of quarters), sealed in aluminum cans, and loaded into the aluminum tubes.</p><br>
<p>The reactor was water-cooled, with cooling water pumped from the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River through the aluminum tubes around the uranium slugs at the rate of 75,000 USgal per minute. The water was discharged into settling basins, then returned to the river after allowing time for the decay of radioactive materials, the settling out of particulate matter and for the water to cool so it could be returned to the Columbia River. Water returning to the river was prohibited from raising the temperature of the river by more than 11 °F.</p><br>
<h2>Reactor operation</h2><br>
<p>The B Reactor had its first nuclear chain reaction in September, 1944, the D Reactor in December 1944 and the F Reactor in February 1945. The reactor produced plutonium-239 by irradiating uranium-238 with neutrons generated by the nuclear reaction. It was one of three reactors &ndash; along with the D and F reactors &ndash; built about six miles (10 km) apart on the south bank of the Columbia River. Each reactor had its own auxiliary facilities that included a river pump house, large storage and settling basins, a filtration plant, large motor-driven pumps for delivering water to the face of the pile, and facilities for emergency cooling in case of a power failure.</p><br>
<p>Emergency shutdown of the reactor, referred to as a SCRAM, was attained either by rapidly fully inserting the vertical safety rods or, as a backup method, by the injection of borated water into the reactor. In January 1952, the borated water system was replaced by a "Ball-3X" system that injected nickel-plated high-boron steel balls into the channels occupied by the vertical safety rods.</p><br>
<p>The plutonium for the nuclear bomb used in the Trinity test in New Mexico and the Fat Man bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan was created in the B, D, and F reactors. These first three reactors ran for two decades, and were joined by additional reactors constructed later. The B Reactor was permanently shut down in February 1968.</p><br>
<h2>Current status</h2><br>
<p>B Reactor is now in "interim safe storage" status. The D and F reactors were shut down in June 1967 and June 1965, respectively. In a process called cocooning or entombment, the reactor buildings are demolished up to the 4 ft concrete shield around the reactor core. Any openings are sealed and a new roof is built. The D and F reactors have already been entombed, as have the C and DR reactors. Most auxiliary buildings at the first three reactors have been demolished, as well. The H, K-East and K-West reactors and the N-Reactor are scheduled to be entombed in that order.</p><br>
<p>The United States Department of Energy has administered the site since 1977 and offers public tours on set dates during the spring, summer, and fall of the year, as well as special tours for visiting officials. The B Reactor was added to the National Register of Historic Places (#) on April 3, 1992, and was named a National Historic Landmark on August 19, 2008. It is in the process of conversion into a museum.</p><br>
<h2>Timeline of major events</h2><br>
